महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-291, verse-44

तमसा तामसान्भावान्विविधान्प्रतिपद्यते ।
रजसा राजसांश्चैव सात्त्विकान्सत्त्वसंश्रयात् ॥४४॥

44. tamasā tāmasānbhāvānvividhānpratipadyate ,
rajasā rājasāṁścaiva sāttvikānsattvasaṁśrayāt.

44. tamasā tāmasān bhāvān vividhān pratipadyate
rajasā rājasān ca eva sāttvikān sattvasaṃśrayāt

44. tamasā tāmasān bhāvān vividhān pratipadyate
rajasā rājasān ca eva sāttvikān sattvasaṃśrayāt

44. Through ignorance (tamas), one attains various ignorant (tamasic) states of being. Similarly, through passion (rajas), one attains passionate (rajasic) states, and through reliance on goodness (sattva), one attains pure (sattvic) states.

Words meanings summery:

• तमसा (tamasā) - by ignorance, by darkness, by inertia

• तामसान् (tāmasān) - tamasic, ignorant, dull

• भावान् (bhāvān) - states of being, dispositions, natures, things

• विविधान् (vividhān) - various, manifold, diverse

• प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - attains, obtains, experiences, understands

• रजसा (rajasā) - by passion, by activity

• राजसान् (rājasān) - rajasic, passionate, active

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• सात्त्विकान् (sāttvikān) - sattvic, pure, good, virtuous

• सत्त्वसंश्रयात् (sattvasaṁśrayāt) - from resort to sattva, from the support of goodness

Words meanings and morphology

तमसा (tamasā) - by ignorance, by darkness, by inertia

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia (one of the three guṇas)

तामसान् (tāmasān) - tamasic, ignorant, dull

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tāmasa

tāmasa - relating to tamas, ignorant, dull, dark

Derived from 'tamas'

Note: Qualifies 'bhāvān'.

भावान् (bhāvān) - states of being, dispositions, natures, things

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhāva

bhāva - state, condition, nature, disposition, feeling, existence

From root 'bhū' (to be, exist)

Root: bhū (class 1)

विविधान् (vividhān) - various, manifold, diverse

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse

Note: Qualifies 'bhāvān'.

प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - attains, obtains, experiences, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pratipad

From prefix 'prati-' and root 'pad' (to go)

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The implied subject is 'one' (a living being).

रजसा (rajasā) - by passion, by activity

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, passion, activity, restlessness (one of the three guṇas)

राजसान् (rājasān) - rajasic, passionate, active

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rājasa

rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, active, agitated

Derived from 'rajas'

Note: Qualifies implied 'bhāvān'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सात्त्विकान् (sāttvikān) - sattvic, pure, good, virtuous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sāttvika

sāttvika - relating to sattva, pure, good, virtuous

Derived from 'sattva'

Note: Qualifies implied 'bhāvān'.

सत्त्वसंश्रयात् (sattvasaṁśrayāt) - from resort to sattva, from the support of goodness

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sattvasaṃśraya

sattvasaṁśraya - resort to sattva, reliance on goodness

compound of sattva (goodness) and saṃśraya (resort, refuge, support)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sattva+saṃśraya)

• sattva – goodness, purity, existence, reality (one of the three guṇas)
  noun (neuter)
• saṃśraya – resort, refuge, dependence, support, asylum
  noun (masculine)
  from sam-śri (to resort to)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Indicates the source or means for attaining sattvic states.