महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-291, verse-46

तामसा निरयं यान्ति राजसा मानुषांस्तथा ।
सात्त्विका देवलोकाय गच्छन्ति सुखभागिनः ॥४६॥

46. tāmasā nirayaṁ yānti rājasā mānuṣāṁstathā ,
sāttvikā devalokāya gacchanti sukhabhāginaḥ.

46. tāmasāḥ nirayam yānti rājasāḥ mānuṣān tathā
sāttvikāḥ devalokāya gacchanti sukhabhāginaḥ

46. tāmasāḥ nirayam yānti rājasāḥ mānuṣān tathā
sāttvikāḥ devalokāya gacchanti sukhabhāginaḥ

46. Those who are ignorant (tamasic) go to lower realms. Those who are passionate (rajasic) similarly go to human realms. And those who are pure (sattvic) go to the divine realms, enjoying happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - tamasic people, those dominated by ignorance

• निरयम् (nirayam) - to hell, to a miserable state, to a lower realm

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they proceed

• राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - rajasic people, those dominated by passion

• मानुषान् (mānuṣān) - to human realms, to human beings

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• सात्त्विकाः (sāttvikāḥ) - sattvic people, those dominated by goodness

• देवलोकाय (devalokāya) - to the world of gods, to a divine realm

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they proceed

• सुखभागिनः (sukhabhāginaḥ) - partakers of happiness, enjoyers of joy

Words meanings and morphology

तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - tamasic people, those dominated by ignorance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāmasa

tāmasa - relating to tamas, ignorant, dull, dark

Derived from 'tamas'

Note: Implies 'persons' or 'beings'.

निरयम् (nirayam) - to hell, to a miserable state, to a lower realm

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niraya

niraya - hell, a bad course, miserable state, lower realm

Note: Accusative of direction.

यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they proceed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Verb for 'tāmasāḥ' and implied for 'rājasāḥ'.

राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - rajasic people, those dominated by passion

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājasa

rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, active, agitated

Derived from 'rajas'

Note: Implies 'persons' or 'beings'.

मानुषान् (mānuṣān) - to human realms, to human beings

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, relating to humans

Derived from 'manu' (man)

Note: Accusative of direction, implying 'to human births/worlds'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the previous clause to the current one.

सात्त्विकाः (sāttvikāḥ) - sattvic people, those dominated by goodness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāttvika

sāttvika - relating to sattva, pure, good, virtuous

Derived from 'sattva'

Note: Implies 'persons' or 'beings'.

देवलोकाय (devalokāya) - to the world of gods, to a divine realm

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of devaloka

devaloka - world of gods, divine realm, heaven

compound of deva (god) and loka (world)

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+loka)

• deva – god, divine being
  noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, sphere
  noun (masculine)

Note: Dative case indicating purpose or destination.

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they proceed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'sāttvikāḥ'.

सुखभागिनः (sukhabhāginaḥ) - partakers of happiness, enjoyers of joy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sukhabhāgin

sukhabhāgin - partaking of happiness, sharing in joy, enjoying happiness

compound of sukha (happiness) and bhāgin (partaker, share-holder)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sukha+bhāgin)

• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• bhāgin – partaker, sharer, possessing a share
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'bhāga' (share)

Note: Qualifies 'sāttvikāḥ'.