महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-291, verse-43

सहवासो निवासात्मा नान्योऽहमिति मन्यते ।
योऽहं सोऽहमिति ह्युक्त्वा गुणाननु निवर्तते ॥४३॥

43. sahavāso nivāsātmā nānyo'hamiti manyate ,
yo'haṁ so'hamiti hyuktvā guṇānanu nivartate.

43. sahavāsaḥ nivāsātmā na anyaḥ aham iti manyate yaḥ
aham saḥ aham iti hi uktvā guṇān anu nivartate

43. sahavāsaḥ nivāsātmā na anyaḥ aham iti manyate hi
yaḥ aham saḥ aham iti uktvā guṇān anu nivartate

43. One who identifies with the body as their dwelling believes, 'I am not distinct from it.' However, by declaring, 'I am indeed who I am' (the true self (ātman)), one then turns away from the material qualities (guṇas).

Words meanings summery:

• सहवासः (sahavāsaḥ) - co-dwelling, living together, companionship

• निवासात्मा (nivāsātmā) - whose self is the body (as a dwelling) (whose self is the dwelling, whose nature is residence)

• न (na) - not, no

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, different

• अहम् (aham) - I

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought

• मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, believes, considers

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अहम् (aham) - I

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• अहम् (aham) - I

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• गुणान् (guṇān) - the three material qualities (sattva, rajas, tamas) (qualities, attributes (of material nature))

• अनु (anu) - away from, with respect to (after, along, according to)

• निवर्तते (nivartate) - turns away, ceases, returns, dissociates

Words meanings and morphology

सहवासः (sahavāsaḥ) - co-dwelling, living together, companionship

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahavāsa

sahavāsa - co-dwelling, companionship, living together

Derived from prefix 'saha-' (with) and 'vāsa' (dwelling)

Prefix: saha

Root: vas (class 1)

निवासात्मा (nivāsātmā) - whose self is the body (as a dwelling) (whose self is the dwelling, whose nature is residence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivāsātman

nivāsātman - one whose self is dwelling, whose essence is residence

compound of nivāsa (dwelling) and ātman (self/essence)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nivāsa+ātman)

• nivāsa – dwelling, residence, abode
  noun (masculine)
  from ni-vas (to dwell)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vas (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, individual spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to someone who identifies their self with their dwelling (e.g., body).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, different

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, different, another

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (first person pronoun)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought

(indeclinable)

मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, believes, considers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Root: man (class 4)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (first person pronoun)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/correlative pronoun)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (first person pronoun)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

absolutive

absolutive form derived from root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Although derived from a verb, an absolutive (gerund) is indeclinable.

गुणान् (guṇān) - the three material qualities (sattva, rajas, tamas) (qualities, attributes (of material nature))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent of nature (sattva, rajas, tamas)

Note: Refers to the three guṇas of prakṛti.

अनु (anu) - away from, with respect to (after, along, according to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here it acts like 'from' or 'away from' when combined with nivartate.

निवर्तते (nivartate) - turns away, ceases, returns, dissociates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nivṛt

From prefix 'ni-' and root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)