महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-291, verse-14

युगं द्वादशसाहस्रं कल्पं विद्धि चतुर्गुणम् ।
दशकल्पशतावृत्तं तदहर्ब्राह्ममुच्यते ।
रात्रिश्चैतावती राजन्यस्यान्ते प्रतिबुध्यते ॥१४॥

14. yugaṁ dvādaśasāhasraṁ kalpaṁ viddhi caturguṇam ,
daśakalpaśatāvṛttaṁ tadaharbrāhmamucyate ,
rātriścaitāvatī rājanyasyānte pratibudhyate.

14. yugam dvādaśasāhasram kalpam viddhi
caturguṇam daśakalpaśatāvṛttam
tat ahaḥ brāhmam ucyate rātriḥ ca
etāvatī rājan yasya ante pratibudhyate

14. rājan,
yugam dvādaśasāhasram; kalpam caturguṇam viddhi.
daśakalpaśatāvṛttam tat brāhmam ahaḥ ucyate.
ca etāvatī rātriḥ; yasya ante (saḥ) pratibudhyate.

14. A yuga (mahāyuga) is [said to be] twelve thousand [divine years]; understand a kalpa (mahāyuga) to be made of four parts. A period of one thousand such kalpas (mahāyugas) is called a day of Brahmā. And the night, O king, is of the same duration, at the end of which he (Brahmā) awakens.

Words meanings summery:

• युगम् (yugam) - a cosmic age (mahāyuga) (era, age, a cosmic period (mahāyuga))

• द्वादशसाहस्रम् (dvādaśasāhasram) - twelve thousand (divine years) (twelve thousand)

• कल्पम् (kalpam) - a cosmic period (kalpa, here used to refer to a Mahāyuga) (a cosmic period, a day of Brahma; a Mahāyuga)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• चतुर्गुणम् (caturguṇam) - comprising four parts (referring to the four sub-yugas within a Mahāyuga) (four-fold, four times, comprising four parts)

• दशकल्पशतावृत्तम् (daśakalpaśatāvṛttam) - a period of one thousand such kalpas (Mahāyugas) (one thousand kalpas repeated/revolved)

• तत् (tat) - that (period) (that, it)

• अहः (ahaḥ) - a day (of Brahmā) (day)

• ब्राह्मम् (brāhmam) - pertaining to Brahmā (the creator god) (pertaining to Brahmā, divine)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

• रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

• च (ca) - and, also

• एतावती (etāvatī) - of the same duration (as the day of Brahmā) (of such extent, of the same duration)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• यस्य (yasya) - at the end of which (day of Brahmā) (whose, of which)

• अन्ते (ante) - at the end, in the end, finally

• प्रतिबुध्यते (pratibudhyate) - he (Brahmā) awakens (he awakens, he reawakens, he perceives)

Words meanings and morphology

युगम् (yugam) - a cosmic age (mahāyuga) (era, age, a cosmic period (mahāyuga))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuga

yuga - yoke, pair, generation, age, era, cosmic period

द्वादशसाहस्रम् (dvādaśasāhasram) - twelve thousand (divine years) (twelve thousand)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvādaśasāhasra

dvādaśasāhasra - consisting of twelve thousand

Compound type : dvandva / tatpuruṣa (dvādaśa+sāhasra)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• sāhasra – a thousand, consisting of a thousand
  adjective (neuter)
  from 'sahasra' (thousand) + 'a' suffix

कल्पम् (kalpam) - a cosmic period (kalpa, here used to refer to a Mahāyuga) (a cosmic period, a day of Brahma; a Mahāyuga)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kalpa

kalpa - a cosmic period, a day of Brahma (1000 Mahayugas); an age, a long period of time; rule, ordinance

root 'kḷp' (to arrange, form)

Root: kḷp (class 1)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative Active

root 'vid' + imperative 2nd person singular ending

Root: vid (class 2)

चतुर्गुणम् (caturguṇam) - comprising four parts (referring to the four sub-yugas within a Mahāyuga) (four-fold, four times, comprising four parts)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of caturguṇa

caturguṇa - four-fold, having four qualities/parts, four times

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+guṇa)

• catur – four
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent; multiplied by
  noun (masculine)

दशकल्पशतावृत्तम् (daśakalpaśatāvṛttam) - a period of one thousand such kalpas (Mahāyugas) (one thousand kalpas repeated/revolved)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of daśakalpaśatāvṛtta

daśakalpaśatāvṛtta - revolved/repeated a hundred times ten kalpas (i.e. one thousand kalpas)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśa+kalpa+śata+āvṛtta)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• kalpa – a cosmic period, an age
  noun (masculine)
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• āvṛtta – revolved, returned, repeated
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  prefix 'ā' + root 'vṛt' (to turn) + -kta suffix
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (period) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

अहः (ahaḥ) - a day (of Brahmā) (day)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day, daylight

ब्राह्मम् (brāhmam) - pertaining to Brahmā (the creator god) (pertaining to Brahmā, divine)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brāhma

brāhma - relating to Brahmā, divine, sacred, brahminical

from 'brahman' (masculine form, Brahmā) + 'a' suffix

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Passive

root 'vac' + passive suffix 'ya' + 3rd person singular ending

Root: vac (class 2)

रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एतावती (etāvatī) - of the same duration (as the day of Brahmā) (of such extent, of the same duration)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etāvat

etāvat - so much, so many, so great, of such extent/duration

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

यस्य (yasya) - at the end of which (day of Brahmā) (whose, of which)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that

अन्ते (ante) - at the end, in the end, finally

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, boundary, limit, conclusion

प्रतिबुध्यते (pratibudhyate) - he (Brahmā) awakens (he awakens, he reawakens, he perceives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prati-budh

Present Middle

prefix 'prati' + root 'budh' + 3rd person singular middle ending

Prefix: prati

Root: budh (class 1)