महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-291, verse-13

वसिष्ठ उवाच ।
श्रूयतां पृथिवीपाल क्षरतीदं यथा जगत् ।
यन्न क्षरति पूर्वेण यावत्कालेन चाप्यथ ॥१३॥

13. vasiṣṭha uvāca ,
śrūyatāṁ pṛthivīpāla kṣaratīdaṁ yathā jagat ,
yanna kṣarati pūrveṇa yāvatkālena cāpyatha.

13. vasiṣṭha uvāca śrūyatām pṛthivīpāla kṣarati idam yathā
jagat yat na kṣarati pūrveṇa yāvat kālena ca api atha

13. vasiṣṭha uvāca.
pṛthivīpāla,
śrūyatām.
yathā idam jagat kṣarati,
ca yat pūrveṇa na kṣarati,
atha ca yāvat kālena.

13. Vasiṣṭha said: O protector of the earth (pṛthivīpāla), listen (to this): how this world (jagat) perishes; and [learn about] that which does not perish according to the former [description], and for how long it endures.

Words meanings summery:

• वसिष्ठ (vasiṣṭha) - the sage Vasiṣṭha

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• श्रूयताम् (śrūyatām) - let it be heard, listen

• पृथिवीपाल (pṛthivīpāla) - O king (addressing the listener) (O protector of the earth, O king)

• क्षरति (kṣarati) - it perishes, it decays, it flows away

• इदम् (idam) - this (world) (this, this here)

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which way

• जगत् (jagat) - the entire world/universe (world, universe, living beings)

• यत् (yat) - which, that which

• न (na) - not, no

• क्षरति (kṣarati) - it perishes, it decays, it flows away

• पूर्वेण (pūrveṇa) - by the former (description or quality) (by the former, by the preceding)

• यावत् (yāvat) - for as long as (duration) (as long as, as much as, as far as)

• कालेन (kālena) - by what duration (by time, in course of time, by duration)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

Words meanings and morphology

वसिष्ठ (vasiṣṭha) - the sage Vasiṣṭha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - most excellent, best; name of a celebrated Vedic sage

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root 'vac' + perfect 3rd person singular ending

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रूयताम् (śrūyatām) - let it be heard, listen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Passive

root 'śru' + passive suffix 'ya' + imperative 3rd person singular ending

Root: śru (class 5)

पृथिवीपाल (pṛthivīpāla) - O king (addressing the listener) (O protector of the earth, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpāla

pṛthivīpāla - earth-protector, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pāla)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  root 'pāl' (to protect) + 'a' suffix
  Root: pāl (class 1)

क्षरति (kṣarati) - it perishes, it decays, it flows away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṣar

Present Active

root 'kṣar' + 3rd person singular active ending

Root: kṣar (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this (world) (this, this here)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

जगत् (jagat) - the entire world/universe (world, universe, living beings)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, mobile, living beings

Present Active Participle (originally)

root 'gam' (to go) + present participle suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

यत् (yat) - which, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that, who

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

क्षरति (kṣarati) - it perishes, it decays, it flows away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṣar

Present Active

root 'kṣar' + 3rd person singular active ending

Root: kṣar (class 1)

पूर्वेण (pūrveṇa) - by the former (description or quality) (by the former, by the preceding)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - prior, former, earlier, eastern

यावत् (yāvat) - for as long as (duration) (as long as, as much as, as far as)

(indeclinable)

कालेन (kālena) - by what duration (by time, in course of time, by duration)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, duration, epoch

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)