महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-291, verse-21

अव्यक्ताद्व्यक्तमुत्पन्नं विद्यासर्गं वदन्ति तम् ।
महान्तं चाप्यहंकारमविद्यासर्गमेव च ॥२१॥

21. avyaktādvyaktamutpannaṁ vidyāsargaṁ vadanti tam ,
mahāntaṁ cāpyahaṁkāramavidyāsargameva ca.

21. avyaktāt vyaktam utpannam vidyāsargam vadanti
tam mahāntam ca api ahaṅkāram avidyāsargam eva ca

21. avyaktāt utpannam vyaktam tam vidyāsargam vadanti.
ca api mahāntam ahaṅkāram eva ca avidyāsargam (vadanti).

21. They declare that which has manifested from the unmanifest (avyakta) to be the creation of knowledge (vidyāsarga). And they also refer to the Mahat (the great principle) and the ego (ahaṅkāra) as indeed the creation of ignorance (avidyāsarga).

Words meanings summery:

• अव्यक्तात् (avyaktāt) - from the unmanifest (avyakta) (from the unmanifest, from the unexpressed)

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - the manifest (the manifest, the expressed, the perceptible)

• उत्पन्नम् (utpannam) - that which has arisen (arisen, produced, born)

• विद्यासर्गम् (vidyāsargam) - the creation of knowledge (vidyāsarga) (creation of knowledge, creation through knowledge)

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - they declare (they say, they speak, they declare)

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to 'vyaktam utpannam') (that, him, it)

• महान्तम् (mahāntam) - the Mahat (the great principle) (the great one, the great principle (Mahat))

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too, moreover)

• अहङ्कारम् (ahaṅkāram) - the ego (ahaṅkāra) (ego, egoism, self-consciousness)

• अविद्यासर्गम् (avidyāsargam) - the creation of ignorance (avidyāsarga) (creation of ignorance, creation due to ignorance)

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, just, very)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

Words meanings and morphology

अव्यक्तात् (avyaktāt) - from the unmanifest (avyakta) (from the unmanifest, from the unexpressed)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, unexpressed, imperceptible, primordial matter (prakṛti)

Past Passive Participle (negated)

From 'a-' (not) + 'vyakta' (manifested). Root √añj (to anoint, make clear).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vyakta – manifest, apparent, clear, expressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'vi-' + root 'añj' (to anoint, make clear).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Indicates the source.

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - the manifest (the manifest, the expressed, the perceptible)

(noun)

neuter, singular of vyakta

vyakta - manifest, apparent, clear, expressed, perceptible

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'vi-' + root 'añj' (to anoint, make clear).

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Object of 'vadanti' in its own clause.

उत्पन्नम् (utpannam) - that which has arisen (arisen, produced, born)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of utpanna

utpanna - arisen, produced, born, created

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'ud-' + root 'pad' (to go, move).

Prefix: ud

Root: pad (class 4)

विद्यासर्गम् (vidyāsargam) - the creation of knowledge (vidyāsarga) (creation of knowledge, creation through knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidyāsarga

vidyāsarga - creation of knowledge, creation resulting from knowledge

Compound of 'vidyā' (knowledge) and 'sarga' (creation).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vidyā+sarga)

• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  From root √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)
• sarga – creation, emanation, chapter, section
  noun (masculine)
  From root √sṛj (to create, emit).
  Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Predicate accusative to 'vyaktam'.

वदन्ति (vadanti) - they declare (they say, they speak, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vad

Present Active Indicative

Root verb, 1st class.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied 'they' (scholars, sages).

तम् (tam) - that (referring to 'vyaktam utpannam') (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers back to 'vyaktam utpannam'.

महान्तम् (mahāntam) - the Mahat (the great principle) (the great one, the great principle (Mahat))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, the great principle (intellect/buddhi in Sāṃkhya)

From root √mah (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Object of implied 'vadanti'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'mahāntam' and 'ahaṅkāram'.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing inclusion or emphasis.

Note: Emphasizes inclusion.

अहङ्कारम् (ahaṅkāram) - the ego (ahaṅkāra) (ego, egoism, self-consciousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ahaṅkāra

ahaṅkāra - ego, egoism, self-consciousness, the faculty of self-identity

From 'aham' (I) + 'kāra' (maker).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (aham+kāra)

• aham – I (first person pronoun)
  pronoun
• kāra – maker, doer, act of making
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of implied 'vadanti'.

अविद्यासर्गम् (avidyāsargam) - the creation of ignorance (avidyāsarga) (creation of ignorance, creation due to ignorance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avidyāsarga

avidyāsarga - creation of ignorance, creation caused by ignorance

Compound of 'avidyā' (ignorance) and 'sarga' (creation).

Compound type : tatpurusha (avidyā+sarga)

• avidyā – ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance
  noun (feminine)
  From 'a-' (not) + 'vidyā' (knowledge).
  Root: vid (class 2)
• sarga – creation, emanation, chapter, section
  noun (masculine)
  From root √sṛj (to create, emit).
  Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Predicate accusative to 'mahāntam' and 'ahaṅkāram'.

एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, just, very)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects this clause with the previous.