महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-291, verse-22

अविधिश्च विधिश्चैव समुत्पन्नौ तथैकतः ।
विद्याविद्येति विख्याते श्रुतिशास्त्रार्थचिन्तकैः ॥२२॥

22. avidhiśca vidhiścaiva samutpannau tathaikataḥ ,
vidyāvidyeti vikhyāte śrutiśāstrārthacintakaiḥ.

22. avidhiḥ ca vidhiḥ ca eva samutpannau tathā ekataḥ
vidyā avidye iti vikhyāte śrutiśāstrārthacintakaiḥ

22. avidhiḥ ca vidhiḥ ca eva tathā ekataḥ samutpannau.
(tau) vidyā avidye iti śrutiśāstrārthacintakaiḥ vikhyāte.

22. Ignorance (avidhi) and knowledge (vidhi) both arose in that manner from a single source. These two are famously known as knowledge (vidyā) and ignorance (avidyā) by those who contemplate the meaning of the Vedic texts (śruti) and scriptures (śāstra).

Words meanings summery:

• अविधिः (avidhiḥ) - ignorance (avidhi) (non-rule, what is not proper, absence of rule, ignorance)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• विधिः (vidhiḥ) - knowledge (vidhi) (rule, ordinance, method, sacred precept, knowledge)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, just, very)

• समुत्पन्नौ (samutpannau) - both arose (both arisen, both produced, both manifested)

• तथा (tathā) - in that manner (thus, so, in that manner, likewise)

• एकतः (ekataḥ) - from a single source (from one, from a single source, on one side)

• विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge (vidyā) (knowledge, learning, science)

• अविद्ये (avidye) - ignorance (avidyā) (ignorance (dual form))

• इति (iti) - thus (as a designation) (thus, in this manner, so saying (marks direct or indirect speech/thought/appellation))

• विख्याते (vikhyāte) - famously known (both renowned, both famous, both known)

• श्रुतिशास्त्रार्थचिन्तकैः (śrutiśāstrārthacintakaiḥ) - by those who contemplate the meaning of the Vedic texts (śruti) and scriptures (śāstra) (by those who ponder the meaning of śruti and śāstra)

Words meanings and morphology

अविधिः (avidhiḥ) - ignorance (avidhi) (non-rule, what is not proper, absence of rule, ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avidhi

avidhi - non-rule, absence of rule, that which is not enjoined, impropriety, ignorance

From 'a-' (not) + 'vidhi' (rule).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidhi)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vidhi – rule, ordinance, method, sacred precept
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'vi-' + root 'dhā' (to place, arrange, ordain).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: One of the subjects of 'samutpannau'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

विधिः (vidhiḥ) - knowledge (vidhi) (rule, ordinance, method, sacred precept, knowledge)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, ordinance, method, sacred precept, knowledge, destiny, manner

From prefix 'vi-' + root 'dhā' (to place, arrange, ordain).

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: One of the subjects of 'samutpannau'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, just, very)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes the origin.

समुत्पन्नौ (samutpannau) - both arose (both arisen, both produced, both manifested)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of samutpanna

samutpanna - arisen, produced, manifested, occurred

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'sam-' + 'ud-' + root 'pad' (to go, move).

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Predicate for 'avidhiḥ ca vidhiḥ ca'.

तथा (tathā) - in that manner (thus, so, in that manner, likewise)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + 'thā' (manner suffix).

Note: Describes the manner of arising.

एकतः (ekataḥ) - from a single source (from one, from a single source, on one side)

(indeclinable)

From 'eka' (one) + '-taḥ' (ablative suffix).

Note: Indicates the source of creation.

विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge (vidyā) (knowledge, learning, science)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, true knowledge

From root √vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Part of the appositive phrase 'vidyā avidye'.

अविद्ये (avidye) - ignorance (avidyā) (ignorance (dual form))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of avidyā

avidyā - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance, false knowledge

From 'a-' (not) + 'vidyā' (knowledge).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidyā)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  From root √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: The dual form indicates both vidyā and avidyā.

इति (iti) - thus (as a designation) (thus, in this manner, so saying (marks direct or indirect speech/thought/appellation))

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the specific appellation.

विख्याते (vikhyāte) - famously known (both renowned, both famous, both known)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, dual of vikhyāta

vikhyāta - famous, renowned, well-known, celebrated

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'vi-' + root 'khyā' (to tell, relate, be known).

Prefix: vi

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Predicate for the pair 'vidyā avidye'.

श्रुतिशास्त्रार्थचिन्तकैः (śrutiśāstrārthacintakaiḥ) - by those who contemplate the meaning of the Vedic texts (śruti) and scriptures (śāstra) (by those who ponder the meaning of śruti and śāstra)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śrutiśāstrārthacintaka

śrutiśāstrārthacintaka - one who ponders the meaning of Vedic texts and scriptures

Compound of 'śruti', 'śāstra', 'artha', 'cintaka'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śruti+śāstra+artha+cintaka)

• śruti – hearing, sacred tradition, Vedic text
  noun (feminine)
  From root √śru (to hear).
  Root: śru (class 5)
• śāstra – scripture, treatise, scientific work, religious law book
  noun (neuter)
  From root √śās (to instruct, command).
  Root: śās (class 2)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ṛ (to go, move, attain).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• cintaka – ponderer, thinker, meditator
  noun (masculine)
  From root √cint (to think) + suffix '-aka'.
  Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Agent of 'vikhyāte'.