महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-277, verse-31

मृत्युनाभ्याहतं लोकं व्याधिभिश्चोपपीडितम् ।
अवृत्तिकर्शितं चैव यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥३१॥

31. mṛtyunābhyāhataṁ lokaṁ vyādhibhiścopapīḍitam ,
avṛttikarśitaṁ caiva yaḥ paśyati sa mucyate.

31. mṛtyunā abhyāhatam lokam vyādhibhiḥ ca upapīḍitam
avṛttikarśitam ca eva yaḥ paśyati saḥ mucyate

31. yaḥ lokam mṛtyunā abhyāhatam vyādhibhiḥ ca
upapīḍitam avṛttikarśitam ca eva paśyati saḥ mucyate

31. The person who perceives the world as struck by death, tormented by diseases, and enfeebled by lack of sustenance — that person achieves liberation (mokṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• मृत्युना (mṛtyunā) - by death

• अभ्याहतम् (abhyāhatam) - struck, afflicted, wounded

• लोकम् (lokam) - world, people, realm

• व्याधिभिः (vyādhibhiḥ) - by diseases, by ailments

• च (ca) - and, also

• उपपीडितम् (upapīḍitam) - oppressed, tormented, afflicted

• अवृत्तिकर्शितम् (avṛttikarśitam) - weakened by lack of livelihood, emaciated by want

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding word. (indeed, certainly, only, even)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, observes

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• मुच्यते (mucyate) - Achieves liberation (mokṣa). (is liberated, is released)

Words meanings and morphology

मृत्युना (mṛtyunā) - by death

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality, the god of death

From root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

अभ्याहतम् (abhyāhatam) - struck, afflicted, wounded

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhyāhata

abhyāhata - struck, afflicted, wounded, attacked

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix abhi + ā + root han (to strike/kill)

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'lokam'

लोकम् (lokam) - world, people, realm

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, region, realm

Root: lok (class 1)

व्याधिभिः (vyādhibhiḥ) - by diseases, by ailments

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vyādhi

vyādhi - disease, illness, ailment

From vi + ā + dhā (to place, cause)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उपपीडितम् (upapīḍitam) - oppressed, tormented, afflicted

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upapīḍita

upapīḍita - oppressed, tormented, afflicted, distressed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix upa + root pīḍ (to oppress/torment)

Prefix: upa

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'lokam'

अवृत्तिकर्शितम् (avṛttikarśitam) - weakened by lack of livelihood, emaciated by want

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avṛttikarśita

avṛttikarśita - weakened by lack of livelihood, emaciated by want

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (avṛtti+karśita)

• avṛtti – lack of livelihood, cessation of activity, absence of existence
  noun (feminine)
  From a (negation) + vṛtti (livelihood, activity)
  Prefix: a
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• karśita – emaciated, weakened, tormented
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛś (to become thin, emaciated)
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'lokam'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding word. (indeed, certainly, only, even)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Active Indicative

Root dṛś takes 'paśya' stem in present tense

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

मुच्यते (mucyate) - Achieves liberation (mokṣa). (is liberated, is released)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of muc

Present Passive Indicative

Formed with passive suffix -ya

Root: muc (class 6)