महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-277, verse-16

स्वयमुत्पद्यते जन्तुः स्वयमेव विवर्धते ।
सुखदुःखे तथा मृत्युं स्वयमेवाधिगच्छति ॥१६॥

16. svayamutpadyate jantuḥ svayameva vivardhate ,
sukhaduḥkhe tathā mṛtyuṁ svayamevādhigacchati.

16. svayam utpadyate jantuḥ svayam eva vivardhate |
sukhaduḥkhe tathā mṛtyum svayam eva adhigacchati

16. jantuḥ svayam utpadyate,
svayam eva vivardhate tathā svayam eva sukhaduḥkhe mṛtyum adhigacchati

16. A living being is born by itself and grows up by itself. Similarly, it experiences happiness, sorrow, and death by itself.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वयम् (svayam) - by itself, oneself, spontaneously

• उत्पद्यते (utpadyate) - is born, arises, originates

• जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - a living being, creature, human

• स्वयम् (svayam) - by itself, oneself, spontaneously

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• विवर्धते (vivardhate) - grows up, develops, thrives

• सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - happiness and sorrow

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that way, and

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• स्वयम् (svayam) - by itself, oneself, spontaneously

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - obtains, reaches, experiences, understands

Words meanings and morphology

स्वयम् (svayam) - by itself, oneself, spontaneously

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable pronominal adverb from sva.

उत्पद्यते (utpadyate) - is born, arises, originates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of utpad

Present tense, middle voice

3rd person singular present, middle voice (ātmanepada). Root pad with upasarga ut.

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - a living being, creature, human

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, human being, animal

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

स्वयम् (svayam) - by itself, oneself, spontaneously

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable pronominal adverb from sva.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis.

विवर्धते (vivardhate) - grows up, develops, thrives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vivardh

Present tense, middle voice

3rd person singular present, middle voice (ātmanepada). Root vṛdh with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - happiness and sorrow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

Dvandva compound of sukha (happiness) and duḥkha (sorrow).

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery, unhappiness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'adhigacchati'.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that way, and

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Connects the idea of birth/growth with experience of pleasure/pain/death.

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, demise, the god of death

From root mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of 'adhigacchati'.

स्वयम् (svayam) - by itself, oneself, spontaneously

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable pronominal adverb from sva.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis.

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - obtains, reaches, experiences, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhigam

Present tense, active voice

3rd person singular present, active voice (parasmaipada). Root gam with upasarga adhi.

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Verb for jantuḥ.