महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-277, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं नु मुक्तः पृथिवीं चरेदस्मद्विधो नृपः ।
नित्यं कैश्च गुणैर्युक्तः सङ्गपाशाद्विमुच्यते ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ nu muktaḥ pṛthivīṁ caredasmadvidho nṛpaḥ ,
nityaṁ kaiśca guṇairyuktaḥ saṅgapāśādvimucyate.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham nu muktaḥ pṛthivīm caret asmatvidhaḥ
nṛpaḥ nityam kaiḥ ca guṇaiḥ yuktaḥ saṅgapāśāt vimucyate

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca: asmatvidhaḥ
nṛpaḥ muktaḥ nu pṛthivīm katham
caret? kaiḥ ca guṇaiḥ nityam
yuktaḥ (san) saṅgapāśāt vimucyate?

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'How, then, can a king like us, even when liberated, continue to act on earth? By being endowed with what qualities is one always freed from the fetters of attachment (saṅga)?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

• नु (nu) - then (as an interrogative particle) (indeed, then, now)

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (liberated, freed, released)

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - on earth (earth, ground)

• चरेत् (caret) - should continue to act/live (should move, should wander, should act)

• अस्मत्विधः (asmatvidhaḥ) - like us, of our kind

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• कैः (kaiḥ) - by what (qualities) (by what, by whom)

• च (ca) - and, also

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities (by qualities, by virtues, by attributes)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed (with qualities) (endowed with, united with, connected, engaged in)

• सङ्गपाशात् (saṅgapāśāt) - from the fetters of attachment (saṅga) (from the fetters of attachment)

• विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - is liberated, is freed, is released

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest of the Pandavas)

Compound 'yudhi-sthira' - 'firm in battle'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - then (as an interrogative particle) (indeed, then, now)

(indeclinable)

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (liberated, freed, released)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - freed, liberated, released, delivered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √muc (class 6, to release, free) with past passive participle suffix -ta.

Root: muc (class 6)

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - on earth (earth, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

चरेत् (caret) - should continue to act/live (should move, should wander, should act)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

अस्मत्विधः (asmatvidhaḥ) - like us, of our kind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asmatvidha

asmatvidha - like us, of our sort/kind

Compound type : tatpurusha (asmad+vidha)

• asmad – I, me (pronoun)
  pronoun
• vidha – kind, sort, manner, way
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhā (to place, make) with vi- prefix.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound of nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from √pā, to protect).

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here.

कैः (kaiḥ) - by what (qualities) (by what, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kim

kim - what, who, which

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities (by qualities, by virtues, by attributes)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, merit, thread, string

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed (with qualities) (endowed with, united with, connected, engaged in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, fit, proper, concentrated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √yuj (class 7, to join, unite, harness) with past passive participle suffix -ta.

Root: yuj (class 7)

सङ्गपाशात् (saṅgapāśāt) - from the fetters of attachment (saṅga) (from the fetters of attachment)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saṅgapāśa

saṅgapāśa - fetter of attachment

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (saṅga+pāśa)

• saṅga – attachment, contact, association, union
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-√gam (to come together, meet).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: gam (class 1)
• pāśa – fetter, noose, bond, chain
  noun (masculine)

विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - is liberated, is freed, is released

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of muc

From vi-√muc (class 6, to release, free).

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)