महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-276, verse-48

यत्र राजा च राज्ञश्च पुरुषाः प्रत्यनन्तराः ।
कुटुम्बिनामग्रभुजस्त्यजेत्तद्राष्ट्रमात्मवान् ॥४८॥

48. yatra rājā ca rājñaśca puruṣāḥ pratyanantarāḥ ,
kuṭumbināmagrabhujastyajettadrāṣṭramātmavān.

48. yatra rājā ca rājñaḥ ca puruṣāḥ pratyanantarāḥ |
kuṭumbinām agrabhujaḥ tyajet tat rāṣṭram ātmanvān

48. yatra rājā ca rājñaḥ puruṣāḥ ca pratyanantarāḥ kuṭumbinām agrabhujaḥ (bhavanti),
(tasmāt) ātmanvān tat rāṣṭram tyajet.

48. Where the king and his immediate officials seize the primary resources from householders, a person of self-control (ātman) should abandon that kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• यत्र (yatra) - where

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

• च (ca) - and

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• च (ca) - and

• पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - officials (men, individuals, officials)

• प्रत्यनन्तराः (pratyanantarāḥ) - immediate (dependents/officials) (immediate, very near, contiguous, close dependents)

• कुटुम्बिनाम् (kuṭumbinām) - from householders (genitive of separation/relation) (of householders, of families)

• अग्रभुजः (agrabhujaḥ) - seizing the primary resources (seizing the best part, consuming the foremost, taking the first share)

• त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon (one should abandon, one should forsake)

• तत् (tat) - that (that, it)

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom (kingdom, country, realm)

• आत्मन्वान् (ātmanvān) - a person of self-control (ātman) (self-possessed, wise, intelligent, courageous, having a strong will (ātman))

Words meanings and morphology

यत्र (yatra) - where

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - officials (men, individuals, officials)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, official, supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: In this context, implies 'royal officials'.

प्रत्यनन्तराः (pratyanantarāḥ) - immediate (dependents/officials) (immediate, very near, contiguous, close dependents)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratyanantara

pratyanantara - immediate, very near, contiguous

Compound 'prati' (towards) + 'anantara' (without interval, immediate)

Compound type : avyayibhāva or tatpurusha (prati+anantara)

• prati – towards, against, in front of
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix
• anantara – without interval, immediate, next
  adjective (masculine)
  Negation 'an' + 'antara' (interval)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣāḥ'.

कुटुम्बिनाम् (kuṭumbinām) - from householders (genitive of separation/relation) (of householders, of families)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuṭumbin

kuṭumbin - householder, family man, member of a family

From 'kuṭumba' (family) + suffix 'in'

Note: Object of 'agrabhujaḥ'.

अग्रभुजः (agrabhujaḥ) - seizing the primary resources (seizing the best part, consuming the foremost, taking the first share)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of agrabhuj

agrabhuj - one who takes the first share, enjoying the best, seizing the foremost

Compound 'agra' (first, foremost) + 'bhuj' (enjoying, consuming, seizing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (agra+bhuj)

• agra – front, top, first, chief
  noun (neuter)
• bhuj – one who enjoys, consumes, eats, protects
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'bhuj' (to enjoy, consume, seize)
  From root 'bhuj'
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'rājā ca rājñaḥ puruṣāḥ ca'.

त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon (one should abandon, one should forsake)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Impersonal construction (by 'ātmanvān').

तत् (tat) - that (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'tyajet'.

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom (kingdom, country, realm)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, country, realm, state

From root 'rāj' (to rule)

Root: rāj (class 1)

आत्मन्वान् (ātmanvān) - a person of self-control (ātman) (self-possessed, wise, intelligent, courageous, having a strong will (ātman))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmanvat

ātmanvat - endowed with self, possessing a soul, courageous, wise

Formed from 'ātman' (self) + possessive suffix 'mat/vat'

Note: Used substantively as the agent of the action.