महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-276, verse-22

शब्दरूपरसस्पर्शान्सह गन्धेन केवलान् ।
नात्यर्थमुपसेवेत श्रेयसोऽर्थी परंतप ॥२२॥

22. śabdarūparasasparśānsaha gandhena kevalān ,
nātyarthamupaseveta śreyaso'rthī paraṁtapa.

22. śabdarūparasasparśān saha gandhena kevalān na
atyartham upaseveta śreyasaḥ arthī paraṃtapa

22. paraṃtapa śreyasaḥ arthī śabdarūparasasparśān
kevalān gandhena saha na atyartham upaseveta

22. O tormentor of foes (paraṃtapa), one who seeks the ultimate good (śreyas) should not indulge excessively in mere sounds, forms, tastes, touches, and smells.

Words meanings summery:

• शब्दरूपरसस्पर्शान् (śabdarūparasasparśān) - sounds, forms, tastes, touches (as objects of senses)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• गन्धेन (gandhena) - by smell, with smell

• केवलान् (kevalān) - merely (referring to the sense objects as objects of mere enjoyment) (mere, only, exclusive, absolute)

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - excessively, too much, very much

• उपसेवेत (upaseveta) - should excessively indulge (one should indulge, one should resort to, one should cultivate)

• श्रेयसः (śreyasaḥ) - of the ultimate good, of welfare, of what is superior

• अर्थी (arthī) - one who seeks the ultimate good (seeker, desirous of, one who wants)

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies

Words meanings and morphology

शब्दरूपरसस्पर्शान् (śabdarūparasasparśān) - sounds, forms, tastes, touches (as objects of senses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śabdarūparasasparśa

śabdarūparasasparśa - sounds, forms, tastes, and touches (as objects of senses)

A dvandva compound listing the sense objects.

Compound type : dvandva (śabda+rūpa+rasa+sparśa)

• śabda – sound, word
  noun (masculine)
• rūpa – form, appearance, color
  noun (neuter)
• rasa – taste, flavor, essence
  noun (masculine)
• sparśa – touch, contact
  noun (masculine)
  From root spṛś (to touch)
  Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Refers to the objects of the five senses.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

गन्धेन (gandhena) - by smell, with smell

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance

From root gandh (to smell)

Root: gandh (class 1)

केवलान् (kevalān) - merely (referring to the sense objects as objects of mere enjoyment) (mere, only, exclusive, absolute)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kevala

kevala - sole, exclusive, mere, pure, whole, absolute

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - excessively, too much, very much

(indeclinable)

From ati (over, beyond) + artha (purpose, object)

Compound type : avyayibhava (ati+artha)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively
  indeclinable
  prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

उपसेवेत (upaseveta) - should excessively indulge (one should indulge, one should resort to, one should cultivate)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi liṅ) of sev

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, middle voice

From root sev (1st class, Ātmanepada) with upasarga upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: The meaning 'to indulge' is derived from the context of sense objects.

श्रेयसः (śreyasaḥ) - of the ultimate good, of welfare, of what is superior

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - the better, the ultimate good, welfare, prosperity

Comparative form of śrī (prosperity, excellence)

अर्थी (arthī) - one who seeks the ultimate good (seeker, desirous of, one who wants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthin

arthin - seeker, desirous of, supplicant, one who has an aim

From artha (aim, purpose) + in (suffix)

Note: Acts as the subject of upaseveta.

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

From para (enemy) + tapa (from root tap, to heat, torment). Formed with the kṛt suffix ṇa.

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (para+tapa)

• para – enemy, other, alien
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – one who heats/torments/subdues
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun from root tap
  Root: tap (class 1)