महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-276, verse-47

येन खट्वां समारूढः कर्मणानुशयी भवेत् ।
आदितस्तन्न कर्तव्यमिच्छता भवमात्मनः ॥४७॥

47. yena khaṭvāṁ samārūḍhaḥ karmaṇānuśayī bhavet ,
āditastanna kartavyamicchatā bhavamātmanaḥ.

47. yena khaṭvām samārūḍhaḥ karmaṇā anuśayī bhavet
| āditaḥ tat na kartavyam icchatā bhavam ātmanaḥ

47. yena karmaṇā (kaścid) khaṭvām samārūḍhaḥ anuśayī bhavet,
tat (karma) āditaḥ na kartavyam,
ātmanaḥ bhavam icchatā (puruṣeṇa).

47. An action (karma) that would lead one to become bedridden should never be undertaken from the very beginning by someone who desires their own well-being (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by which (action) (by which, by whom)

• खट्वाम् (khaṭvām) - bed (bed, couch)

• समारूढः (samārūḍhaḥ) - become confined to (having ascended, mounted, climbed upon)

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by an action (by action, by deed)

• अनुशयी (anuśayī) - bedridden (lying upon, resting upon, confined to bed, sick)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would become (one would become, it would be)

• आदितः (āditaḥ) - from the outset (from the beginning, first, primarily)

• तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, it)

• न (na) - not

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be undertaken (to be done, should be done, duty)

• इच्छता (icchatā) - by someone who desires (by one desiring, by one wishing)

• भवम् (bhavam) - well-being (existence, welfare, well-being, becoming)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of their own (ātman) (of oneself, of the self (ātman))

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by which (action) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun

खट्वाम् (khaṭvām) - bed (bed, couch)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of khaṭvā

khaṭvā - bed, couch, palanquin

Note: Object of 'samārūḍhaḥ'.

समारूढः (samārūḍhaḥ) - become confined to (having ascended, mounted, climbed upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samārūḍha

samārūḍha - ascended, mounted, climbed

Past Passive Participle

From 'sam-ā-ruh' (to ascend, mount)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Implies being 'on' the bed, indicating a state.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by an action (by action, by deed)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work (karma)

From root 'kṛ' (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Connects with 'yena'.

अनुशयी (anuśayī) - bedridden (lying upon, resting upon, confined to bed, sick)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuśayin

anuśayin - lying down, resting on, suffering from a disease, confined to bed

Agent noun from 'anu-śī' (to lie after, to rest on)

Formed with suffix 'ini' from 'anu-śī'

Prefix: anu

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective.

भवेत् (bhavet) - would become (one would become, it would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Impersonal construction.

आदितः (āditaḥ) - from the outset (from the beginning, first, primarily)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'ādi' (beginning) with suffix -tas

Note: Modifies 'kartavyam'.

तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Functions as the subject of 'kartavyam'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'kartavyam'.

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be undertaken (to be done, should be done, duty)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix -tavya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tat'.

इच्छता (icchatā) - by someone who desires (by one desiring, by one wishing)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - desiring, wishing

Present Active Participle

From root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Acts as agent for 'kartavyam'.

भवम् (bhavam) - well-being (existence, welfare, well-being, becoming)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhava

bhava - being, existence, birth, welfare, prosperity

From root 'bhū' (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of their own (ātman) (of oneself, of the self (ātman))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind, principle of life (ātman)

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Possessive for 'bhavam'.