महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-276, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
गुरुपूजा च सततं वृद्धानां पर्युपासनम् ।
श्रवणं चैव विद्यानां कूटस्थं श्रेय उच्यते ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
gurupūjā ca satataṁ vṛddhānāṁ paryupāsanam ,
śravaṇaṁ caiva vidyānāṁ kūṭasthaṁ śreya ucyate.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca gurupūjā ca satatam vṛddhānām paryupāsanam
śravaṇam ca eva vidyānām kūṭastham śreyaḥ ucyate

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca gurupūjā ca satatam vṛddhānām paryupāsanam
ca eva vidyānām śravaṇam kūṭastham śreyaḥ ucyate

2. Bhishma said: Constant reverence for one's teachers, devoted service to elders, and diligently listening to the various branches of knowledge – this is declared to be the firmly established ultimate good.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The great warrior and patriarch of the Kuru dynasty. (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• गुरुपूजा (gurupūjā) - reverence for teachers, worship of gurus

• च (ca) - and, also

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, perpetually, always

• वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders, of the aged

• पर्युपासनम् (paryupāsanam) - devoted service to elders (devoted service, attendance, respectful veneration)

• श्रवणम् (śravaṇam) - diligently listening (hearing, listening, studying (by listening))

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, certainly

• विद्यानाम् (vidyānām) - of knowledge, of sciences, of branches of learning

• कूटस्थम् (kūṭastham) - firmly established, enduring (fixed, unchangeable, immutable, standing on a peak (kūṭa))

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the ultimate good (the good, welfare, ultimate benefit, superior)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is declared to be (is said, is called, is declared)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The great warrior and patriarch of the Kuru dynasty. (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; Bhishma (proper noun)

From root bhī (to fear) with suffix -sman.

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

गुरुपूजा (gurupūjā) - reverence for teachers, worship of gurus

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gurupūjā

gurupūjā - reverence for a teacher, worship of a guru

Tatpurusha compound: guru (teacher) + pūjā (worship/reverence).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+pūjā)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy, important
  noun (masculine)
• pūjā – worship, reverence, honor, adoration
  noun (feminine)
  Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Subject of the sentence (along with 'paryupāsanam' and 'śravaṇam').

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'gurupūjā' with 'paryupāsanam'.

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, perpetually, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying the actions.

वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders, of the aged

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, wise, elder

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'paryupāsanam'.

पर्युपासनम् (paryupāsanam) - devoted service to elders (devoted service, attendance, respectful veneration)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paryupāsana

paryupāsana - devoted service, worship, veneration, attendance

Formed from root ās (to sit) with prefixes pari (around) and upa (near).

Prefixes: pari+upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

श्रवणम् (śravaṇam) - diligently listening (hearing, listening, studying (by listening))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śravaṇa

śravaṇa - hearing, listening, ear, study (by hearing)

From root śru (to hear) with suffix -ana.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'paryupāsanam' with 'śravaṇam'.

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

विद्यानाम् (vidyānām) - of knowledge, of sciences, of branches of learning

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, branch of study

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Governed by 'śravaṇam'.

कूटस्थम् (kūṭastham) - firmly established, enduring (fixed, unchangeable, immutable, standing on a peak (kūṭa))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kūṭastha

kūṭastha - standing on a peak, unchanging, immutable, fixed, eternal

Compound: kūṭa (summit, unchangeable) + stha (standing, abiding).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kūṭa+stha)

• kūṭa – peak, summit, false, puzzle, anvil
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śreyaḥ'.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the ultimate good (the good, welfare, ultimate benefit, superior)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - good, excellent, superior, welfare, ultimate good

Comparative form of 'śrī' or 'praśasta', functioning as a neuter noun.

Note: Subject complement of 'ucyate'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is declared to be (is said, is called, is declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Passive Indicative

3rd person singular, passive voice

Root: vac (class 2)