महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-276, verse-19

सत्यस्य वचनं श्रेयः सत्यज्ञानं तु दुष्करम् ।
यद्भूतहितमत्यन्तमेतत्सत्यं ब्रवीम्यहम् ॥१९॥

19. satyasya vacanaṁ śreyaḥ satyajñānaṁ tu duṣkaram ,
yadbhūtahitamatyantametatsatyaṁ bravīmyaham.

19. satyasya vacanam śreyaḥ satyajñānam tu duṣkaram
yat bhūtahitam atyantam etat satyam bravīmi aham

19. satyasya vacanam śreyaḥ satyajñānam tu duṣkaram
yat atyantam bhūtahitam etat satyam aham bravīmi

19. Speaking the truth is indeed beneficial, but truly knowing the truth (satya) is difficult to achieve. I declare that truth to be that which is supremely beneficial to all beings.

Words meanings summery:

• सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of truth (of truth, regarding truth)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - speaking (of truth) (speech, word, speaking, declaration)

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - beneficial (good, auspicious, welfare, excellent, ultimate good, beneficial)

• सत्यज्ञानम् (satyajñānam) - the knowledge of truth (knowledge of truth, true knowledge)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to achieve (difficult to do, arduous, hard, impossible)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that)

• भूतहितम् (bhūtahitam) - beneficial to all beings (beneficial to beings, good for creatures)

• अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - supremely, exceedingly (exceedingly, very much, extremely, entirely)

• एतत् (etat) - this (this, that)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

• ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I declare (I speak, I say, I tell)

• अहम् (aham) - I

Words meanings and morphology

सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of truth (of truth, regarding truth)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true, real

From sat (being, existence).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'vacanam' (speaking of truth).

वचनम् (vacanam) - speaking (of truth) (speech, word, speaking, declaration)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, utterance, word, statement

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Also accusative singular. Here as subject of 'śreyaḥ'.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - beneficial (good, auspicious, welfare, excellent, ultimate good, beneficial)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - superior, better, excellent, auspicious, ultimate good, welfare, prosperity

Comparative form of praśasya (excellent), related to śrī.

Note: Final -as changes to -aḥ due to sandhi before a consonant.

सत्यज्ञानम् (satyajñānam) - the knowledge of truth (knowledge of truth, true knowledge)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satyajñāna

satyajñāna - true knowledge, knowledge of truth

Compound type : tatpurusha (satya+jñāna)

• satya – truth, real
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  From root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Also accusative singular. Here as subject of 'duṣkaram'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to achieve (difficult to do, arduous, hard, impossible)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard to perform, arduous, impossible

Compound of dus (bad, difficult) and kara (doing).

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• kara – doing, making, causing; doer, maker
  adjective (masculine)
  From root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'satyajñānam'.

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'satyam' (truth).

भूतहितम् (bhūtahitam) - beneficial to all beings (beneficial to beings, good for creatures)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhūtahita

bhūtahita - beneficial to living beings, what is good for creatures

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūta+hita)

• bhūta – being, creature
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• hita – beneficial, salutary, good, welfare
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā (to place, put), meaning 'placed well' or 'suitable'. Commonly used as 'beneficial'.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'satyam'.

अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - supremely, exceedingly (exceedingly, very much, extremely, entirely)

(indeclinable)

From ati-anta (beyond end).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+anta)

• ati – beyond, exceedingly, over
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• anta – end, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially here, modifying 'bhūtahitam'.

एतत् (etat) - this (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that (neuter demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Before 'satyam', 't' becomes 'd'.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality; true, real

From sat (being, existence).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Here, 'this (is) truth'.

ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I declare (I speak, I say, I tell)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present Active Indicative

Class 2 verb.

Root: brū (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person singular pronoun)