महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-276, verse-34

नापृष्टः कस्यचिद्ब्रूयान्न चान्यायेन पृच्छतः ।
ज्ञानवानपि मेधावी जडवल्लोकमाचरेत् ॥३४॥

34. nāpṛṣṭaḥ kasyacidbrūyānna cānyāyena pṛcchataḥ ,
jñānavānapi medhāvī jaḍavallokamācaret.

34. na apṛṣṭaḥ kasyacit brūyāt na ca anyāyena
pṛcchataḥ jñānavān api medhāvī jaḍavat lokam ācaret

34. apṛṣṭaḥ kasyacit na brūyāt.
ca anyāyena pṛcchataḥ na (brūyāt).
jñānavān api medhāvī (saḥ) jaḍavat lokam ācaret.

34. One should not speak to anyone without being asked, nor should one respond to someone who asks a question unjustly. Even if a person is knowledgeable and intelligent, they should behave in the world as if they were dull-witted.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• अपृष्टः (apṛṣṭaḥ) - without being asked (unasked, not questioned)

• कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - to anyone (to anyone, of someone)

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak (he should speak, he might speak, one should say)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• च (ca) - nor (used with na) (and, also, moreover)

• अन्यायेन (anyāyena) - unjustly (by injustice, unlawfully, unjustly)

• पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - to someone who asks (of one who asks, to one who asks)

• ज्ञानवान् (jñānavān) - knowledgeable (knowledgeable, wise, intelligent)

• अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too, although)

• मेधावी (medhāvī) - intelligent (intelligent, sagacious, wise)

• जडवत् (jaḍavat) - as if they were dull-witted (like a dullard, like an inert person, stupidly)

• लोकम् (lokam) - in the world (world, people, mankind)

• आचरेत् (ācaret) - should behave (should behave, should act, should practice)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

अपृष्टः (apṛṣṭaḥ) - without being asked (unasked, not questioned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apṛṣṭa

apṛṣṭa - unasked, unquestioned

Past Passive Participle (negative compound)

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of a (not) and pṛṣṭa (asked). pṛṣṭa is from root prach (to ask).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+pṛṣṭa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pṛṣṭa – asked, questioned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root prach (to ask).
  Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Refers to the implied subject of brūyāt.

कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - to anyone (to anyone, of someone)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kimcit

kimcit - someone, anyone, something, anything

Formed from kim (who/what) + cit (an indefinite particle).

Note: Genitive indicating 'to whom'.

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak (he should speak, he might speak, one should say)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū

Optative mood, Active voice

From root brū (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'one'.

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - nor (used with na) (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अन्यायेन (anyāyena) - unjustly (by injustice, unlawfully, unjustly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anyāya

anyāya - injustice, wrong, impropriety

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of a (not) and nyāya (justice, rule).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+nyāya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• nyāya – justice, rule, method, logic
  noun (masculine)
  From ni- + root i (to go).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Adverbial use indicating manner.

पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - to someone who asks (of one who asks, to one who asks)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pṛcchat

pṛcchat - asking, questioning

Present Active Participle

From root prach (to ask).

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Genitive of interest or 'to whom'.

ज्ञानवान् (jñānavān) - knowledgeable (knowledgeable, wise, intelligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñānavat

jñānavat - possessing knowledge, wise, learned

Possessive suffix matup applied to jñāna (knowledge).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too, although)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

मेधावी (medhāvī) - intelligent (intelligent, sagacious, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of medhāvin

medhāvin - intelligent, sagacious, endowed with intellect/wisdom

From medhā (intellect, wisdom) + possessive suffix vin.

Note: Agrees with jñānavān.

जडवत् (jaḍavat) - as if they were dull-witted (like a dullard, like an inert person, stupidly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of jaḍa (dull, inert) + suffix vat (like).

लोकम् (lokam) - in the world (world, people, mankind)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, folk, space, realm

From root lok (to see, perceive).

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Object of ācaret.

आचरेत् (ācaret) - should behave (should behave, should act, should practice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ācar

Optative mood, Active voice

From ā- + root car (to move, to practice).

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'one'.