महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-1, verse-43

कथं नु तस्य संग्रामे पृथिवी चक्रमग्रसत् ।
कथं च शप्तो भ्राता मे तत्त्वं वक्तुमिहार्हसि ॥४३॥

43. kathaṁ nu tasya saṁgrāme pṛthivī cakramagrasat ,
kathaṁ ca śapto bhrātā me tattvaṁ vaktumihārhasi.

43. katham nu tasya saṅgrāme pṛthivī cakram agrasat
katham ca śaptaḥ bhrātā me tattvam vaktum iha arhasi

43. nu katham saṅgrāme pṛthivī tasya cakram agrasat? ca
katham me bhrātā śaptaḥ? iha tattvam vaktum arhasi

43. How, then, did the earth swallow his chariot wheel in battle? And how was my brother cursed? You should reveal the truth about this matter here.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

• नु (nu) - indeed, then, now (particle of inquiry or emphasis)

• तस्य (tasya) - of Karna (his, of that)

• सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in combat

• पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the earth, ground

• चक्रम् (cakram) - chariot wheel (wheel, disc, circle)

• अग्रसत् (agrasat) - swallowed, seized, consumed

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

• च (ca) - and

• शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - cursed

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - my brother (Karna) (brother)

• मे (me) - my, of me

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the truth, reality, essence

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to tell, to say

• इह (iha) - here, in this matter, on this occasion

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, then, now (particle of inquiry or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of Karna (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, combat

Root: gram (class 1)

पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the earth, ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

चक्रम् (cakram) - chariot wheel (wheel, disc, circle)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cakra

cakra - wheel, discus, circle, army

अग्रसत् (agrasat) - swallowed, seized, consumed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect active (luṅ) of gras

imperfect active, 3rd person singular

Root: gras (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - cursed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śapta

śapta - cursed, sworn

Past Passive Participle

derived from root śap (to curse, to swear)

Root: śap (class 1)

भ्राता (bhrātā) - my brother (Karna) (brother)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the truth, reality, essence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

Root: tad

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to tell, to say

(indeclinable)

infinitive

infinitive of purpose from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

इह (iha) - here, in this matter, on this occasion

(indeclinable)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present active indicative (laṭ) of arh

present active indicative, 2nd person singular

Root: arh (class 1)