महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-93, verse-3

ईशानाः सर्वलोकस्य वसवस्ते च वै कथम् ।
मानुषेषूदपद्यन्त तन्ममाचक्ष्व जाह्नवि ॥३॥

3. īśānāḥ sarvalokasya vasavaste ca vai katham ,
mānuṣeṣūdapadyanta tanmamācakṣva jāhnavi.

3. īśānāḥ sarvalokasya vasavaḥ te ca vai katham
mānuṣeṣu udapadyanta tat mama ācakṣva jāhnavi

3. O Jāhnavī, please explain to me how the Vasus, who are indeed the lords of all the worlds, came to be born among humans.

Words meanings summery:

• ईशानाः (īśānāḥ) - the lords (referring to the Vasus) (lords, masters, rulers)

• सर्वलोकस्य (sarvalokasya) - of all the worlds

• वसवः (vasavaḥ) - the Vasus (as subjects) (the Vasus)

• ते (te) - they (the Vasus) (they, those)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly, truly)

• कथम् (katham) - how (were they born) (how, in what manner, why)

• मानुषेषु (mānuṣeṣu) - among humans (among humans, among men)

• उदपद्यन्त (udapadyanta) - they were born (among humans) (they were born, they originated)

• तत् (tat) - that (story/explanation) (that, therefore)

• मम (mama) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell me (tell, relate, explain)

• जाह्नवि (jāhnavi) - O Gaṅgā (as Jāhnavī) (O Jāhnavī (name for Gaṅgā))

Words meanings and morphology

ईशानाः (īśānāḥ) - the lords (referring to the Vasus) (lords, masters, rulers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of īśāna

īśāna - lord, master, ruler, potent

Present Active Participle

Derived from root ĪŚ

Root: īś (class 2)

सर्वलोकस्य (sarvalokasya) - of all the worlds

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sarvaloka

sarvaloka - all worlds, the whole world

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+loka)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun/adjective
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

वसवः (vasavaḥ) - the Vasus (as subjects) (the Vasus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vasu

vasu - Vasu (a class of deities)

ते (te) - they (the Vasus) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly, truly)

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how (were they born) (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

मानुषेषु (mānuṣeṣu) - among humans (among humans, among men)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, man

उदपद्यन्त (udapadyanta) - they were born (among humans) (they were born, they originated)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of utpad

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ), Middle Voice

3rd person plural imperfect tense, middle voice of root PAD with upasarga UT

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that (story/explanation) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मम (mama) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Genitive used with dative sense with 'ācakṣva'.

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell me (tell, relate, explain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ācakṣ

Imperative Mood, Middle Voice

2nd person singular imperative, middle voice of root CAKṢ with upasarga Ā

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

जाह्नवि (jāhnavi) - O Gaṅgā (as Jāhnavī) (O Jāhnavī (name for Gaṅgā))

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of jāhnavī

jāhnavī - daughter of Jahnu, name for the river Gaṅgā