महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-93, verse-1

शंतनुरुवाच ।
आपवो नाम को न्वेष वसूनां किं च दुष्कृतम् ।
यस्याभिशापात्ते सर्वे मानुषीं तनुमागताः ॥१॥

1. śaṁtanuruvāca ,
āpavo nāma ko nveṣa vasūnāṁ kiṁ ca duṣkṛtam ,
yasyābhiśāpātte sarve mānuṣīṁ tanumāgatāḥ.

1. śaṃtanu uvāca āpavaḥ nāma kaḥ nu eṣaḥ vasūnām kim ca
duṣkṛtam yasya abhiśāpāt te sarve mānuṣīm tanum āgatāḥ

1. Shantanu spoke: Who indeed is this Āpava by name? And what misdeed was committed by the Vasus, by whose curse all of them assumed human forms?

Words meanings summery:

• शंतनु (śaṁtanu) - King Shantanu (Shantanu (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Shantanu) spoke (spoke, said)

• आपवः (āpavaḥ) - the sage Āpava (Āpava (proper name))

• नाम (nāma) - by name (by name, indeed, namely)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (is this Āpava) (who, which)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (indeed, now, certainly)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (Āpava) (this, this one)

• वसूनाम् (vasūnām) - of the Vasus

• किम् (kim) - what (misdeed) (what, why)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - what misdeed (misdeed, evil deed, sin)

• यस्य (yasya) - by whose (curse) (whose, of whom, by whom (genitive))

• अभिशापात् (abhiśāpāt) - by whose curse (from a curse, by means of a curse)

• ते (te) - they (the Vasus) (they, those)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the Vasus) (all, every)

• मानुषीम् (mānuṣīm) - human (form) (human, pertaining to humans)

• तनुम् (tanum) - human form (body, form)

• आगताः (āgatāḥ) - assumed (a human form) (having come, obtained, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

शंतनु (śaṁtanu) - King Shantanu (Shantanu (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaṃtanu

śaṁtanu - name of a king, Bhishma's father

उवाच (uvāca) - (Shantanu) spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Lit)

3rd person singular perfect tense of root VAC

Root: vac (class 2)

आपवः (āpavaḥ) - the sage Āpava (Āpava (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpava

āpava - name of a sage, descendant of Apava

नाम (nāma) - by name (by name, indeed, namely)

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - who (is this Āpava) (who, which)

(interrogative pronoun)

नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (indeed, now, certainly)

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (Āpava) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

वसूनाम् (vasūnām) - of the Vasus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vasu

vasu - Vasu (a class of deities), good, wealth

किम् (kim) - what (misdeed) (what, why)

(interrogative pronoun)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - what misdeed (misdeed, evil deed, sin)

(noun)

neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - misdeed, evil deed, sin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, difficult, evil (prefix)
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, deed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root KṚ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

यस्य (yasya) - by whose (curse) (whose, of whom, by whom (genitive))

(relative pronoun)

अभिशापात् (abhiśāpāt) - by whose curse (from a curse, by means of a curse)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of abhiśāpa

abhiśāpa - curse, imprecation

Prefix: abhi

Root: śap (class 1)

ते (te) - they (the Vasus) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the Vasus) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

मानुषीम् (mānuṣīm) - human (form) (human, pertaining to humans)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, belonging to men

तनुम् (tanum) - human form (body, form)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tanu

tanu - body, form, person

आगताः (āgatāḥ) - assumed (a human form) (having come, obtained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root GAM with upasarga Ā

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)