महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-55, verse-40

वनं प्रस्थापयामास सप्त वर्षाणि पञ्च च ।
अज्ञातमेकं राष्ट्रे च तथा वर्षं त्रयोदशम् ॥४०॥

40. vanaṁ prasthāpayāmāsa sapta varṣāṇi pañca ca ,
ajñātamekaṁ rāṣṭre ca tathā varṣaṁ trayodaśam.

40. vanam prasthāpayāmāsa sapta varṣāṇi pañca ca
ajñātam ekam rāṣṭre ca tathā varṣam trayodaśam

40. He banished (Yudhiṣṭhira) to the forest for seven and five (twelve) years, and for one year to be spent incognito in a kingdom; thus, the thirteenth year.

Words meanings summery:

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

• प्रस्थापयामास (prasthāpayāmāsa) - he banished (he caused to go, he sent forth, he banished)

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• च (ca) - and, also

• अज्ञातम् (ajñātam) - incognito (unknown, unnoticed, incognito)

• एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

• राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in a kingdom (in a kingdom, in a country)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तथा (tathā) - and similarly, thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• वर्षम् (varṣam) - year

• त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśam) - thirteenth

Words meanings and morphology

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Goal of motion.

प्रस्थापयामास (prasthāpayāmāsa) - he banished (he caused to go, he sent forth, he banished)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prasthāp

causative

causative of root sthā (to stand) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Formed by combining causative base with perfect of as.

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(numeral)

Note: Refers to years.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

from root vṛṣ (to rain)

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Duration of time, takes accusative.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Refers to years.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'seven' and 'five'.

अज्ञातम् (ajñātam) - incognito (unknown, unnoticed, incognito)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ajñāta

ajñāta - unknown, unnoticed, not recognized

past participle

negative particle 'a' + past participle of root jñā (to know)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jñāta – known, understood
  past participle (neuter)
  past participle
  from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with ekam and varṣam.

एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with varṣam.

राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in a kingdom (in a kingdom, in a country)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, country, realm

Root: rāj

Note: Locative of place.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two types of exile.

तथा (tathā) - and similarly, thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

वर्षम् (varṣam) - year

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Duration of time, takes accusative.

त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśam) - thirteenth

(ordinal_numeral)

Note: Agrees with varṣam.