महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-166, verse-3

स तु राजा महात्मानं वासिष्ठमृषिसत्तमम् ।
तृषार्तश्च क्षुधार्तश्च एकायनगतः पथि ॥३॥

3. sa tu rājā mahātmānaṁ vāsiṣṭhamṛṣisattamam ,
tṛṣārtaśca kṣudhārtaśca ekāyanagataḥ pathi.

3. saḥ tu rājā mahātmānam vāsiṣṭham ṛṣisattamam
tṛṣārtaḥ ca kṣudhārtaḥ ca ekāyanagataḥ pathi

3. That king, however, distressed by thirst and hunger, and proceeding on a single path,

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (that, he)

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the noble-minded (sage) (noble-minded, great-souled)

• वासिष्ठम् (vāsiṣṭham) - (the sage) a descendant of Vasishtha (descendant of Vasishtha)

• ऋषिसत्तमम् (ṛṣisattamam) - best among sages, foremost sage

• तृषार्तः (tṛṣārtaḥ) - distressed by thirst, thirsty

• च (ca) - and

• क्षुधार्तः (kṣudhārtaḥ) - distressed by hunger, hungry

• च (ca) - and

• एकायनगतः (ekāyanagataḥ) - walking on a single path, treading a narrow path

• पथि (pathi) - on the path, on the road

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the noble-minded (sage) (noble-minded, great-souled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

वासिष्ठम् (vāsiṣṭham) - (the sage) a descendant of Vasishtha (descendant of Vasishtha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsiṣṭha

vāsiṣṭha - descendant of Vasishtha, belonging to Vasishtha

derived from Vasishtha (Vasiṣṭha) with the patronymic suffix 'a'

ऋषिसत्तमम् (ṛṣisattamam) - best among sages, foremost sage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣisattama

ṛṣisattama - best among sages, most excellent sage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṛṣi+sattama)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer, ascetic
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, pre-eminent
  adjective
  superlative suffix -tama

तृषार्तः (tṛṣārtaḥ) - distressed by thirst, thirsty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛṣārta

tṛṣārta - distressed by thirst, thirsty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tṛṣā+ārta)

• tṛṣā – thirst, desire
  noun (feminine)
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root ṛ with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

क्षुधार्तः (kṣudhārtaḥ) - distressed by hunger, hungry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhārta

kṣudhārta - distressed by hunger, hungry

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣudhā+ārta)

• kṣudhā – hunger
  noun (feminine)
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root ṛ with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एकायनगतः (ekāyanagataḥ) - walking on a single path, treading a narrow path

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekāyanagata

ekāyanagata - gone on a single path, walking alone, focused on one goal

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+ayana+gata)

• eka – one, single, alone
  numeral
• ayana – path, way, course
  noun (neuter)
  from root i (to go) + an
  Root: i (class 2)
• gata – gone, arrived, passed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

पथि (pathi) - on the path, on the road

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way