महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-165, verse-43

स राज्यं स्फीतमुत्सृज्य तां च दीप्तां नृपश्रियम् ।
भोगांश्च पृष्ठतः कृत्वा तपस्येव मनो दधे ॥४३॥

43. sa rājyaṁ sphītamutsṛjya tāṁ ca dīptāṁ nṛpaśriyam ,
bhogāṁśca pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā tapasyeva mano dadhe.

43. saḥ rājyam sphītam utsṛjya tām ca dīptām nṛpaśriyam
| bhogān ca pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā tapasi eva manaḥ dadhe

43. He, having renounced the vast kingdom and that glorious royal splendor, and having set aside all enjoyments, fixed his mind solely on asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, rule

• स्फीतम् (sphītam) - prosperous, vast, extensive, thriving

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up, having renounced

• ताम् (tām) - that, her

• च (ca) - and, also

• दीप्ताम् (dīptām) - shining, radiant, glorious

• नृपश्रियम् (nṛpaśriyam) - royal splendor, glory of a king

• भोगान् (bhogān) - enjoyments, pleasures, possessions

• च (ca) - and, also

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - having disregarded or put aside (from behind, on the back, having set aside)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

• तपसि (tapasi) - in penance, in asceticism, in austerity

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought

• दधे (dadhe) - he placed, he put, he fixed

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, rule

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, rule

स्फीतम् (sphītam) - prosperous, vast, extensive, thriving

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sphīta

sphīta - swollen, increased, prosperous, thriving, vast

Past Passive Participle

from root √sphā (to swell)

Root: √sphā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājyam'

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up, having renounced

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

derived from the root √sṛj with prefix ut

Prefix: ut

Root: √sṛj (class 6)

ताम् (tām) - that, her

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'nṛpaśriyam'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दीप्ताम् (dīptām) - shining, radiant, glorious

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīpta

dīpta - shining, radiant, illuminated, glorious

Past Passive Participle

derived from the root √dīp (to shine)

Root: √dīp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'nṛpaśriyam'

नृपश्रियम् (nṛpaśriyam) - royal splendor, glory of a king

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nṛpaśrī

nṛpaśrī - royal splendor, majesty of a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+śrī)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  lit. 'protector of men'
• śrī – splendor, glory, prosperity, wealth, beauty, royal fortune
  noun (feminine)

भोगान् (bhogān) - enjoyments, pleasures, possessions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment, pleasure, possession, sustenance, use

from root √bhuj

Root: √bhuj (class 7)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - having disregarded or put aside (from behind, on the back, having set aside)

(indeclinable)

from pṛṣṭha (back) with suffix -tas

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

derived from the root √kṛ

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

तपसि (tapasi) - in penance, in asceticism, in austerity

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, asceticism, austerity, spiritual fervor

from root √tap

Root: √tap (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, spirit, thought, intention

दधे (dadhe) - he placed, he put, he fixed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of √dhā

Root: √dhā (class 3)