महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-165, verse-26

गौरुवाच ।
पाषाणदण्डाभिहतां क्रन्दन्तीं मामनाथवत् ।
विश्वामित्रबलैर्घोरैर्भगवन्किमुपेक्षसे ॥२६॥

26. gauruvāca ,
pāṣāṇadaṇḍābhihatāṁ krandantīṁ māmanāthavat ,
viśvāmitrabalairghorairbhagavankimupekṣase.

26. gauḥ uvāca pāṣāṇadaṇḍābhihatām krandantīm mām anāthavat
viśvāmitrabalaiḥ ghoraiḥ bhagavan kim upekṣase

26. The cow said: "O revered one, why do you neglect me, who am crying and helpless like an orphan, struck by terrible stones and sticks from Viśvāmitra's forces?"

Words meanings summery:

• गौः (gauḥ) - Refers to Nandini. (the cow)

• उवाच (uvāca) - she said, she spoke

• पाषाणदण्डाभिहताम् (pāṣāṇadaṇḍābhihatām) - struck by stones and sticks

• क्रन्दन्तीम् (krandantīm) - crying, wailing

• माम् (mām) - Refers to Nandini, the cow. (me)

• अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like an orphan, helpless

• विश्वामित्रबलैः (viśvāmitrabalaiḥ) - by Viśvāmitra's forces

• घोरैः (ghoraiḥ) - terrible, dreadful

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - Addressing Vasiṣṭha. (O revered one, O lord)

• किम् (kim) - why, what

• उपेक्षसे (upekṣase) - you neglect, you disregard

Words meanings and morphology

गौः (gauḥ) - Refers to Nandini. (the cow)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, earth, speech, ray of light

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - she said, she spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Introduces Nandini's speech.

पाषाणदण्डाभिहताम् (pāṣāṇadaṇḍābhihatām) - struck by stones and sticks

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāṣāṇadaṇḍābhihatā

pāṣāṇadaṇḍābhihatā - struck by stones and sticks

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from 'pāṣāṇa' (stone), 'daṇḍa' (stick), and 'abhihatā' (struck by, from abhi-√han).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṣāṇa+daṇḍa+abhihatā)

• pāṣāṇa – stone, rock
  noun (masculine)
• daṇḍa – stick, rod, staff
  noun (masculine)
• abhihatā – struck, beaten, hit
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix abhi.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: √han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'mām'.

क्रन्दन्तीम् (krandantīm) - crying, wailing

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of krandant

krandant - crying, wailing, roaring, lamenting

Present Active Participle

From root √krand (to cry, lament) with śatṛ suffix. Accusative singular feminine.

Root: √krand (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mām'.

माम् (mām) - Refers to Nandini, the cow. (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of 'upekṣase'.

अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like an orphan, helpless

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'anātha' (orphan, helpless) with the suffix -vat (like, similar to).

Note: Adverb modifying the state of 'mām'.

विश्वामित्रबलैः (viśvāmitrabalaiḥ) - by Viśvāmitra's forces

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of viśvāmitrabala

viśvāmitrabala - Viśvāmitra's forces/armies

Compound of 'viśvāmitra' (Viśvāmitra) and 'bala' (force, army).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viśvāmitra+bala)

• viśvāmitra – Viśvāmitra (name of a powerful sage)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bala – strength, power, force, army
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental agent, indicating who caused the hitting.

घोरैः (ghoraiḥ) - terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, plural of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce, awful, formidable

Note: Agrees with 'viśvāmitrabalaiḥ'.

भगवन् (bhagavan) - Addressing Vasiṣṭha. (O revered one, O lord)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - lord, divine, revered, prosperous, fortunate

किम् (kim) - why, what

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle, asking 'why'.

उपेक्षसे (upekṣase) - you neglect, you disregard

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √īkṣ

2nd person singular, middle voice, Present tense (Laṭ) with prefixes upa-ī.

Prefixes: upa+ī

Root: √īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject is the implied 'you' (Vasiṣṭha).