महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-165, verse-24

वसिष्ठ उवाच ।
शृणोमि ते रवं भद्रे विनदन्त्याः पुनः पुनः ।
बलाद्ध्रियसि मे नन्दि क्षमावान्ब्राह्मणो ह्यहम् ॥२४॥

24. vasiṣṭha uvāca ,
śṛṇomi te ravaṁ bhadre vinadantyāḥ punaḥ punaḥ ,
balāddhriyasi me nandi kṣamāvānbrāhmaṇo hyaham.

24. vasiṣṭhaḥ uvāca śṛṇomi te ravam bhadre vinadantyāḥ punaḥ
punaḥ balāt hriyasi me nandi kṣamāvān brāhmaṇaḥ hi aham

24. Vasiṣṭha said: "O blessed one, I hear your bellowing (lit. 'your sound of you bellowing') again and again. O Nandini, you are being taken away by force from me. For I am a patient brahmin."

Words meanings summery:

• वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• शृणोमि (śṛṇomi) - I hear

• ते (te) - Refers to Nandini. (your)

• रवम् (ravam) - sound, roar, bellow

• भद्रे (bhadre) - Addressing Nandini. (O blessed one, O auspicious one)

• विनदन्त्याः (vinadantyāḥ) - Refers to Nandini. (of you (who are) bellowing/roaring)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again

• बलात् (balāt) - by force, from the power

• ह्रियसि (hriyasi) - you are being taken away, you are being carried off

• मे (me) - From my possession/care. (from me, my)

• नन्दि (nandi) - Addressing the cow Nandini. (O Nandini)

• क्षमावान् (kṣamāvān) - patient, forgiving

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin

• हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

• अहम् (aham) - Refers to Vasiṣṭha. (I)

Words meanings and morphology

वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (name of a revered sage)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Introduces Vasiṣṭha's speech.

शृणोमि (śṛṇomi) - I hear

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √śru

Root: √śru (class 5)

Note: Subject is 'aham' (I), referring to Vasiṣṭha.

ते (te) - Refers to Nandini. (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Enclitic form of the genitive singular of 'tvad' (you).

Note: Possessive, modifying 'ravam' and 'vinadantyāḥ'.

रवम् (ravam) - sound, roar, bellow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rava

rava - sound, roar, cry, noise, clamour

From root √ru (to roar, cry).

Root: √ru (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śṛṇomi'.

भद्रे (bhadre) - Addressing Nandini. (O blessed one, O auspicious one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - blessed, auspicious, good, excellent (feminine)

विनदन्त्याः (vinadantyāḥ) - Refers to Nandini. (of you (who are) bellowing/roaring)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of vinadat

vinadat - bellowing, roaring, making a loud sound

Present Active Participle

From root √nad (to roar) with prefix vi, forming a present active participle with śatṛ suffix. Feminine genitive singular.

Prefix: vi

Root: √nad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'te' and describes Nandini in action.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the emphatic repetition 'punaḥ punaḥ'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the emphatic repetition 'punaḥ punaḥ'.

बलात् (balāt) - by force, from the power

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'by force'.

ह्रियसि (hriyasi) - you are being taken away, you are being carried off

(verb)

2nd person , singular, passive (contextual), present (laṭ) of √hṛ

2nd person singular, Present tense (Laṭ). The form 'hriyasi' is grammatically unusual for passive ('hriyase') or active ('harasi'). Contextually interpreted as passive.

Root: √hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject is Nandini (you).

मे (me) - From my possession/care. (from me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic form of the genitive/dative singular of 'asmad' (I), used here with an ablative sense ('from me').

Note: Refers to Vasiṣṭha.

नन्दि (nandi) - Addressing the cow Nandini. (O Nandini)

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of nandinī

nandinī - Nandini (Vasiṣṭha's cow), delightful one

Vocative singular of 'nandinī'.

क्षमावान् (kṣamāvān) - patient, forgiving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣamāvat

kṣamāvat - patient, forgiving, endowed with patience

Derived from 'kṣamā' (patience, forgiveness) with the possessive suffix -vat.

Note: Agrees with 'aham' (I).

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, one belonging to the brahmin (brāhmaṇa) social class

Derived from 'brahman'.

Note: Predicate nominative for 'aham'.

हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating reason or emphasis.

अहम् (aham) - Refers to Vasiṣṭha. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asmi' (am).