महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-165, verse-18

विश्वामित्र उवाच ।
क्षत्रियोऽहं भवान्विप्रस्तपःस्वाध्यायसाधनः ।
ब्राह्मणेषु कुतो वीर्यं प्रशान्तेषु धृतात्मसु ॥१८॥

18. viśvāmitra uvāca ,
kṣatriyo'haṁ bhavānviprastapaḥsvādhyāyasādhanaḥ ,
brāhmaṇeṣu kuto vīryaṁ praśānteṣu dhṛtātmasu.

18. viśvāmitraḥ uvāca kṣatriyaḥ aham bhavān vipraḥ
tapaḥsvādhyāyasādhanaḥ brāhmaṇeṣu kutaḥ vīryam praśānteṣu dhṛtātmasu

18. Viśvāmitra said: "I am a warrior (kṣatriya), and you are a Brahmin whose means are austerity (tapas) and self-study. How can there be valor among Brahmins who are peaceful and self-controlled (dhṛtātman)?"

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - warrior, member of the kṣatriya caste

• अहम् (aham) - I

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful)

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin, sage

• तपःस्वाध्यायसाधनः (tapaḥsvādhyāyasādhanaḥ) - whose means are austerity (tapas) and self-study

• ब्राह्मणेषु (brāhmaṇeṣu) - among Brahmins

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence? from where? how?

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor, strength, heroism

• प्रशान्तेषु (praśānteṣu) - among the peaceful, among the tranquil

• धृतात्मसु (dhṛtātmasu) - among those with controlled selves (dhṛtātman), self-controlled

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (name of a Vedic sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - warrior, member of the kṣatriya caste

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, noble, member of the kṣatriya (warrior/ruling) caste

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, your honor, being, becoming

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin, sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, sage, inspired, learned

तपःस्वाध्यायसाधनः (tapaḥsvādhyāyasādhanaḥ) - whose means are austerity (tapas) and self-study

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapaḥsvādhyāyasādhana

tapaḥsvādhyāyasādhana - one whose means/instruments are penance and self-study

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+svādhyāya+sādhana)

• tapas – austerity, penance (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
• svādhyāya – self-study, recitation of Vedic texts
  noun (masculine)
• sādhana – means, instrument, accomplishment
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sādh (class 10)

ब्राह्मणेषु (brāhmaṇeṣu) - among Brahmins

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, relating to Brahman, sacred

कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence? from where? how?

(indeclinable)

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor, strength, heroism

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, strength, energy, heroism

प्रशान्तेषु (praśānteṣu) - among the peaceful, among the tranquil

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of praśānta

praśānta - peaceful, calm, tranquil, appeased

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root śam- (to be calm) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 4)

धृतात्मसु (dhṛtātmasu) - among those with controlled selves (dhṛtātman), self-controlled

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of dhṛtātman

dhṛtātman - one who has controlled their self; self-controlled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+ātman)

• dhṛta – held, borne, sustained, controlled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root dhṛ- (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)