महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-165, verse-31

गन्धर्व उवाच ।
स्थीयतामिति तच्छ्रुत्वा वसिष्ठस्य पयस्विनी ।
ऊर्ध्वाञ्चितशिरोग्रीवा प्रबभौ घोरदर्शना ॥३१॥

31. gandharva uvāca ,
sthīyatāmiti tacchrutvā vasiṣṭhasya payasvinī ,
ūrdhvāñcitaśirogrīvā prababhau ghoradarśanā.

31. gandharvaḥ uvāca sthīyatām iti tat śrutvā vasiṣṭhasya
payasvinī ūrdhvāñcitaśirogrīvā prababau ghoradarśanā

31. The Gandharva said: "Having heard Vasiṣṭha's command, 'Let it remain,' the milch-cow, with her head and neck raised high, appeared terribly fierce."

Words meanings summery:

• गन्धर्वः (gandharvaḥ) - a celestial musician, a Gandharva

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स्थीयताम् (sthīyatām) - let it be stood, let it remain, remain (passive imperative)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks a quote)

• तत् (tat) - that, it (neuter accusative singular)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• वसिष्ठस्य (vasiṣṭhasya) - of Vasiṣṭha

• पयस्विनी (payasvinī) - milch-cow, yielding milk

• ऊर्ध्वाञ्चितशिरोग्रीवा (ūrdhvāñcitaśirogrīvā) - with an upward-turned head and neck, whose head and neck are raised

• प्रबबौ (prababau) - shone forth, appeared, manifested

• घोरदर्शना (ghoradarśanā) - of terrible appearance, looking fierce

Words meanings and morphology

गन्धर्वः (gandharvaḥ) - a celestial musician, a Gandharva

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandharva

gandharva - a celestial musician; a class of demigods known for music and song

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

स्थीयताम् (sthīyatām) - let it be stood, let it remain, remain (passive imperative)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative Passive

root sthā + ya + tām (3rd singular passive imperative)

Root: sthā (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks a quote)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, it (neuter accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

root śru + tvā (suffix for absolutive)

Root: śru (class 5)

वसिष्ठस्य (vasiṣṭhasya) - of Vasiṣṭha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (name of an ancient sage)

पयस्विनी (payasvinī) - milch-cow, yielding milk

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of payasvinī

payasvinī - a milch-cow, a female animal yielding milk

ऊर्ध्वाञ्चितशिरोग्रीवा (ūrdhvāñcitaśirogrīvā) - with an upward-turned head and neck, whose head and neck are raised

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ūrdhvāñcitaśirogrīvā

ūrdhvāñcitaśirogrīvā - having an upward-turned head and neck

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ūrdhvāñcita+śiras+grīvā)

• ūrdhvāñcita – lifted upwards, raised
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  compound of ūrdhva (upward) and añcita (bent, raised - from root añc)
  Root: añc (class 1)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)
• grīvā – neck
  noun (feminine)

प्रबबौ (prababau) - shone forth, appeared, manifested

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhā

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)

घोरदर्शना (ghoradarśanā) - of terrible appearance, looking fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ghoradarśana

ghoradarśana - having a terrible appearance, fierce-looking

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghora+darśana)

• ghora – terrible, dreadful, awful, fearful
  adjective
• darśana – sight, appearance, seeing, vision
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  root dṛś + lyuṭ (suffix for action noun)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)