महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-13, verse-41

नागांश्च मातुलांश्चैव तथा चान्यान्स बान्धवान् ।
पितॄंश्च तारयामास संतत्या तपसा तथा ।
व्रतैश्च विविधैर्ब्रह्मन्स्वाध्यायैश्चानृणोऽभवत् ॥४१॥

41. nāgāṁśca mātulāṁścaiva tathā cānyānsa bāndhavān ,
pitṝṁśca tārayāmāsa saṁtatyā tapasā tathā ,
vrataiśca vividhairbrahmansvādhyāyaiścānṛṇo'bhavat.

41. nāgān ca mātulān ca eva tathā ca anyān
sa bāndhavān | pitṝn ca tārayāmāsa saṃtatyā
tapasā tathā | vrataiḥ ca vividhaiḥ
brahman svādhyāyaiḥ ca anṛṇaḥ abhavat

41. He saved the Nāgas, his maternal uncles, and other relatives. He also saved his ancestors through progeny and penance. And, O Brahmana, through various vows and Vedic study, he became free from all debts.

Words meanings summery:

• नागान् (nāgān) - serpents (serpents, elephants)

• च (ca) - and

• मातुलान् (mātulān) - maternal uncles (referring to the Nāgas as his mother Manasā was a Nāga) (maternal uncles)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - as well as (only, indeed, just)

• तथा (tathā) - as well as, also (thus, so, likewise, also)

• च (ca) - and

• अन्यान् (anyān) - other (other, different)

• स (sa) - he (Astika) (he, that)

• बान्धवान् (bāndhavān) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen)

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors (fathers, ancestors)

• च (ca) - and

• तारयामास (tārayāmāsa) - saved (caused to cross, saved, delivered)

• संतत्या (saṁtatyā) - by progeny (by progeny, by offspring, by continuity)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by penance (by penance, by austerity)

• तथा (tathā) - also (thus, so, likewise, also)

• व्रतैः (vrataiḥ) - by vows (by vows, observances)

• च (ca) - and

• विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various (by various, diverse)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmana (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O Brahmana)

• स्वाध्यायैः (svādhyāyaiḥ) - by Vedic study (by self-study, by Vedic recitation)

• च (ca) - and

• अनृणः (anṛṇaḥ) - free from debt (the three debts: to gods, ancestors, sages) (free from debt, debtless)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became

Words meanings and morphology

नागान् (nāgān) - serpents (serpents, elephants)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake, elephant

Note: Object of `tārayāmāsa`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मातुलान् (mātulān) - maternal uncles (referring to the Nāgas as his mother Manasā was a Nāga) (maternal uncles)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mātula

mātula - maternal uncle, mother's brother

From 'mātṛ' (mother)

Note: Object of `tārayāmāsa`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - as well as (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - as well as, also (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अन्यान् (anyān) - other (other, different)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different, another

Note: Modifies `bāndhavān`.

स (sa) - he (Astika) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Subject of `tārayāmāsa`.

बान्धवान् (bāndhavān) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - kinsman, relative

From 'bandhu' (relative)

Note: Object of `tārayāmāsa`.

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, progenitor

Note: Object of `tārayāmāsa`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तारयामास (tārayāmāsa) - saved (caused to cross, saved, delivered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of tāray

causative stem

From root 'tṛ' (to cross) in causative

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Periphrastic perfect tense.

संतत्या (saṁtatyā) - by progeny (by progeny, by offspring, by continuity)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of saṃtati

saṁtati - progeny, offspring, continuity, line

action noun

From 'sam-tan' (to extend, stretch out)

Prefix: sam

Root: tan (class 8)

तपसा (tapasā) - by penance (by penance, by austerity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - also (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

व्रतैः (vrataiḥ) - by vows (by vows, observances)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vrata

vrata - vow, religious observance, sacred duty

Root: vṛ (class 5)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various (by various, diverse)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold

Note: Agrees with `vrataiḥ`.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmana (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O Brahmana)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, priest, the Absolute

Root: bṛh

स्वाध्यायैः (svādhyāyaiḥ) - by Vedic study (by self-study, by Vedic recitation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, study of the Vedas, recitation of sacred texts

Compound of 'sva' (self) and 'adhyāya' (study, lesson)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – own, self
  adjective
• adhyāya – study, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From 'adhi-i' (to study)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अनृणः (anṛṇaḥ) - free from debt (the three debts: to gods, ancestors, sages) (free from debt, debtless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anṛṇa

anṛṇa - debtless, free from debt

Negation prefix 'a/an' + 'ṛṇa' (debt)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛṇa)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• ṛṇa – debt, obligation
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ṛ

Note: Predicative adjective for the implied subject.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)