महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-13, verse-41

नागांश्च मातुलांश्चैव तथा चान्यान्स बान्धवान् ।
पितॄंश्च तारयामास संतत्या तपसा तथा ।
व्रतैश्च विविधैर्ब्रह्मन्स्वाध्यायैश्चानृणोऽभवत् ॥४१॥

41. nāgāṁśca mātulāṁścaiva tathā cānyānsa bāndhavān ,
pitṝṁśca tārayāmāsa saṁtatyā tapasā tathā ,
vrataiśca vividhairbrahmansvādhyāyaiścānṛṇo'bhavat.

41. nāgān ca mātulān ca eva tathā ca anyān
sa bāndhavān | pitṝn ca tārayāmāsa saṃtatyā
tapasā tathā | vrataiḥ ca vividhaiḥ
brahman svādhyāyaiḥ ca anṛṇaḥ abhavat

41. He saved the Nāgas, his maternal uncles, and other relatives. He also saved his ancestors through progeny and penance. And, O Brahmana, through various vows and Vedic study, he became free from all debts.

41. הו בְּרַהְמִין, הוא הושיע את הנָאגַה, את דודיו מצד אמו ואת קרוביו האחרים, וכן את אבותיו בעזרת צאצא, תרגול ונדרים שונים. בלימוד הכתבים הוא נעשה חופשי מחוב.

Words meanings summery:

• नागान् (nāgān) - serpents (serpents, elephants)

• च (ca) - and

• मातुलान् (mātulān) - maternal uncles (referring to the Nāgas as his mother Manasā was a Nāga) (maternal uncles)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - as well as (only, indeed, just)

• तथा (tathā) - as well as, also (thus, so, likewise, also)

• च (ca) - and

• अन्यान् (anyān) - other (other, different)

• स (sa) - he (Astika) (he, that)

• बान्धवान् (bāndhavān) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen)

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors (fathers, ancestors)

• च (ca) - and

• तारयामास (tārayāmāsa) - saved (caused to cross, saved, delivered)

• संतत्या (saṁtatyā) - by progeny (by progeny, by offspring, by continuity)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by penance (by penance, by austerity)

• तथा (tathā) - also (thus, so, likewise, also)

• व्रतैः (vrataiḥ) - by vows (by vows, observances)

• च (ca) - and

• विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various (by various, diverse)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmana (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O Brahmana)

• स्वाध्यायैः (svādhyāyaiḥ) - by Vedic study (by self-study, by Vedic recitation)

• च (ca) - and

• अनृणः (anṛṇaḥ) - free from debt (the three debts: to gods, ancestors, sages) (free from debt, debtless)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became

Words meanings and morphology

नागान् (nāgān) - serpents (serpents, elephants)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake, elephant

Note: Object of `tārayāmāsa`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मातुलान् (mātulān) - maternal uncles (referring to the Nāgas as his mother Manasā was a Nāga) (maternal uncles)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mātula

mātula - maternal uncle, mother's brother

From 'mātṛ' (mother)

Note: Object of `tārayāmāsa`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - as well as (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - as well as, also (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अन्यान् (anyān) - other (other, different)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different, another

Note: Modifies `bāndhavān`.

स (sa) - he (Astika) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Subject of `tārayāmāsa`.

बान्धवान् (bāndhavān) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - kinsman, relative

From 'bandhu' (relative)

Note: Object of `tārayāmāsa`.

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, progenitor

Note: Object of `tārayāmāsa`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तारयामास (tārayāmāsa) - saved (caused to cross, saved, delivered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of tāray

causative stem

From root 'tṛ' (to cross) in causative

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Periphrastic perfect tense.

संतत्या (saṁtatyā) - by progeny (by progeny, by offspring, by continuity)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of saṃtati

saṁtati - progeny, offspring, continuity, line

action noun

From 'sam-tan' (to extend, stretch out)

Prefix: sam

Root: tan (class 8)

तपसा (tapasā) - by penance (by penance, by austerity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - also (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

व्रतैः (vrataiḥ) - by vows (by vows, observances)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vrata

vrata - vow, religious observance, sacred duty

Root: vṛ (class 5)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various (by various, diverse)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold

Note: Agrees with `vrataiḥ`.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmana (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O Brahmana)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, priest, the Absolute

Root: bṛh

स्वाध्यायैः (svādhyāyaiḥ) - by Vedic study (by self-study, by Vedic recitation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, study of the Vedas, recitation of sacred texts

Compound of 'sva' (self) and 'adhyāya' (study, lesson)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – own, self
  adjective
• adhyāya – study, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From 'adhi-i' (to study)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अनृणः (anṛṇaḥ) - free from debt (the three debts: to gods, ancestors, sages) (free from debt, debtless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anṛṇa

anṛṇa - debtless, free from debt

Negation prefix 'a/an' + 'ṛṇa' (debt)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛṇa)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• ṛṇa – debt, obligation
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ṛ

Note: Predicative adjective for the implied subject.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

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