महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-13, verse-18

ज्ञातुमिच्छामहे ब्रह्मन्को भवानिह धिष्ठितः ।
किमर्थं चैव नः शोच्याननुकम्पितुमर्हसि ॥१८॥

18. jñātumicchāmahe brahmanko bhavāniha dhiṣṭhitaḥ ,
kimarthaṁ caiva naḥ śocyānanukampitumarhasi.

18. jñātum icchāmahe brahman kaḥ bhavān iha dhiṣṭhitaḥ
kimartham ca eva naḥ śocyān anukampitum arhasi

18. O Brahmin, we desire to know who you are, standing here. And why it is that you should show compassion to us, who are indeed pitiable.

18. אנו רוצים לדעת, הו בְּרַהְמִין, מי אתה העומד כאן, ומדוע אתה ראוי לרחם עלינו, שאנו ראויים לרחמים.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know (to know, to understand)

• इच्छामहे (icchāmahe) - we desire (we desire, we wish)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin (O Brahmin, O holy one)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (you (honorific))

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this place)

• धिष्ठितः (dhiṣṭhitaḥ) - situated, standing (situated, standing, established)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• नः (naḥ) - us (as object of pity) (to us, for us, us, our)

• शोच्यान् (śocyān) - pitiable (ones) (pitiable, lamentable, miserable)

• अनुकम्पितुम् (anukampitum) - to show compassion (to pity, to have compassion for)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to do) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know (to know, to understand)

(infinitive)

इच्छामहे (icchāmahe) - we desire (we desire, we wish)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (lat) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin (O Brahmin, O holy one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, priest, the Absolute, sacred knowledge

कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

भवान् (bhavān) - you (you (honorific))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), Sir, existent

present active participle

from root bhū (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Honorific 2nd person singular pronoun.

इह (iha) - here (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

धिष्ठितः (dhiṣṭhitaḥ) - situated, standing (situated, standing, established)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhiṣṭhita

dhiṣṭhita - situated, placed, standing, established

past passive participle

from adhi-sthā (to stand upon, to be situated)

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bhavān.

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - us (as object of pity) (to us, for us, us, our)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

Note: Enclitic form of accusative plural.

शोच्यान् (śocyān) - pitiable (ones) (pitiable, lamentable, miserable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śocya

śocya - pitiable, lamentable, to be grieved for

gerundive

from root śuc (to grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with naḥ (us).

अनुकम्पितुम् (anukampitum) - to show compassion (to pity, to have compassion for)

(infinitive)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to do) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

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