महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-13, verse-18

ज्ञातुमिच्छामहे ब्रह्मन्को भवानिह धिष्ठितः ।
किमर्थं चैव नः शोच्याननुकम्पितुमर्हसि ॥१८॥

18. jñātumicchāmahe brahmanko bhavāniha dhiṣṭhitaḥ ,
kimarthaṁ caiva naḥ śocyānanukampitumarhasi.

18. jñātum icchāmahe brahman kaḥ bhavān iha dhiṣṭhitaḥ
kimartham ca eva naḥ śocyān anukampitum arhasi

18. O Brahmin, we desire to know who you are, standing here. And why it is that you should show compassion to us, who are indeed pitiable.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know (to know, to understand)

• इच्छामहे (icchāmahe) - we desire (we desire, we wish)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin (O Brahmin, O holy one)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (you (honorific))

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this place)

• धिष्ठितः (dhiṣṭhitaḥ) - situated, standing (situated, standing, established)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• नः (naḥ) - us (as object of pity) (to us, for us, us, our)

• शोच्यान् (śocyān) - pitiable (ones) (pitiable, lamentable, miserable)

• अनुकम्पितुम् (anukampitum) - to show compassion (to pity, to have compassion for)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to do) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know (to know, to understand)

(infinitive)

इच्छामहे (icchāmahe) - we desire (we desire, we wish)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (lat) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin (O Brahmin, O holy one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, priest, the Absolute, sacred knowledge

कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

भवान् (bhavān) - you (you (honorific))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), Sir, existent

present active participle

from root bhū (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Honorific 2nd person singular pronoun.

इह (iha) - here (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

धिष्ठितः (dhiṣṭhitaḥ) - situated, standing (situated, standing, established)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhiṣṭhita

dhiṣṭhita - situated, placed, standing, established

past passive participle

from adhi-sthā (to stand upon, to be situated)

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bhavān.

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - us (as object of pity) (to us, for us, us, our)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

Note: Enclitic form of accusative plural.

शोच्यान् (śocyān) - pitiable (ones) (pitiable, lamentable, miserable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śocya

śocya - pitiable, lamentable, to be grieved for

gerundive

from root śuc (to grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with naḥ (us).

अनुकम्पितुम् (anukampitum) - to show compassion (to pity, to have compassion for)

(infinitive)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to do) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)