महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-13, verse-10

जरत्कारुरिति ख्यात ऊर्ध्वरेता महानृषिः ।
यायावराणां धर्मज्ञः प्रवरः संशितव्रतः ॥१०॥

10. jaratkāruriti khyāta ūrdhvaretā mahānṛṣiḥ ,
yāyāvarāṇāṁ dharmajñaḥ pravaraḥ saṁśitavrataḥ.

10. jaratkāruḥ iti khyātaḥ ūrdhvaretāḥ mahān ṛṣiḥ
yāyāvarāṇām dharmajñaḥ pravaraḥ saṃśitavrataḥ

10. There was a great sage named Jaratkaru, renowned as a celibate ascetic and the foremost among the Yāyāvaras, known for his knowledge of Dharma and his strict vows.

Words meanings summery:

• जरत्कारुः (jaratkāruḥ) - A specific sage named Jaratkaru (Jaratkaru (name))

• इति (iti) - named, by the name of (thus, in this manner, so saying, named)

• ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned (famous, renowned, known)

• ऊर्ध्वरेताः (ūrdhvaretāḥ) - celibate ascetic (celibate, one whose semen flows upwards, an ascetic)

• महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage (sage, seer)

• यायावराणाम् (yāyāvarāṇām) - among the Yāyāvaras (of the Yāyāvaras (a class of brahmins/ascetics))

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of righteousness (knower of dharma, righteous)

• प्रवरः (pravaraḥ) - foremost (chief, excellent, best)

• संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - of strict vows (of firm vows, austere)

Words meanings and morphology

जरत्कारुः (jaratkāruḥ) - A specific sage named Jaratkaru (Jaratkaru (name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaratkāru

jaratkāru - Jaratkaru (proper name)

इति (iti) - named, by the name of (thus, in this manner, so saying, named)

(indeclinable)

ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned (famous, renowned, known)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāta

khyāta - famous, renowned, known

past participle

from root khyā- (to be known)

Root: khyā (class 2)

ऊर्ध्वरेताः (ūrdhvaretāḥ) - celibate ascetic (celibate, one whose semen flows upwards, an ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ūrdhvaretas

ūrdhvaretas - celibate, one who preserves his vital fluid, an ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+retas)

• ūrdhva – upwards, elevated
  adjective
• retas – semen, fluid
  noun (neuter)

Note: Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one whose semen is upwards'

महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage (sage, seer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

यायावराणाम् (yāyāvarāṇām) - among the Yāyāvaras (of the Yāyāvaras (a class of brahmins/ascetics))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yāyāvara

yāyāvara - wandering ascetic, a particular class of brahmins devoted to a wandering life

agent noun

from root yā- (to go) with intensive reduplication

Root: yā (class 2)

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of righteousness (knower of dharma, righteous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma, righteous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective
  agent noun
  from root jñā- (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रवरः (pravaraḥ) - foremost (chief, excellent, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravara

pravara - chief, excellent, best, principal

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛ (class 5)

संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - of strict vows (of firm vows, austere)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - one who has strict vows, firm in ascetic practices

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolute
  adjective
  past participle
  from root śi- (to sharpen)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śi (class 2)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one whose vows are firm'