महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-13, verse-10

जरत्कारुरिति ख्यात ऊर्ध्वरेता महानृषिः ।
यायावराणां धर्मज्ञः प्रवरः संशितव्रतः ॥१०॥

10. jaratkāruriti khyāta ūrdhvaretā mahānṛṣiḥ ,
yāyāvarāṇāṁ dharmajñaḥ pravaraḥ saṁśitavrataḥ.

10. jaratkāruḥ iti khyātaḥ ūrdhvaretāḥ mahān ṛṣiḥ
yāyāvarāṇām dharmajñaḥ pravaraḥ saṃśitavrataḥ

10. There was a great sage named Jaratkaru, renowned as a celibate ascetic and the foremost among the Yāyāvaras, known for his knowledge of Dharma and his strict vows.

10. הוא נודע בשם ג׳ַרַטְקָארוּ, חוזה גדול שאיפק את זרעו, המעולה בין היָאיָאוַרַה (הנזירים הנודדים), יודע את חוקת החיים ונאמן לנדריו הקפדניים.

Words meanings summery:

• जरत्कारुः (jaratkāruḥ) - A specific sage named Jaratkaru (Jaratkaru (name))

• इति (iti) - named, by the name of (thus, in this manner, so saying, named)

• ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned (famous, renowned, known)

• ऊर्ध्वरेताः (ūrdhvaretāḥ) - celibate ascetic (celibate, one whose semen flows upwards, an ascetic)

• महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage (sage, seer)

• यायावराणाम् (yāyāvarāṇām) - among the Yāyāvaras (of the Yāyāvaras (a class of brahmins/ascetics))

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of righteousness (knower of dharma, righteous)

• प्रवरः (pravaraḥ) - foremost (chief, excellent, best)

• संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - of strict vows (of firm vows, austere)

Words meanings and morphology

जरत्कारुः (jaratkāruḥ) - A specific sage named Jaratkaru (Jaratkaru (name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaratkāru

jaratkāru - Jaratkaru (proper name)

इति (iti) - named, by the name of (thus, in this manner, so saying, named)

(indeclinable)

ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned (famous, renowned, known)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāta

khyāta - famous, renowned, known

past participle

from root khyā- (to be known)

Root: khyā (class 2)

ऊर्ध्वरेताः (ūrdhvaretāḥ) - celibate ascetic (celibate, one whose semen flows upwards, an ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ūrdhvaretas

ūrdhvaretas - celibate, one who preserves his vital fluid, an ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+retas)

• ūrdhva – upwards, elevated
  adjective
• retas – semen, fluid
  noun (neuter)

Note: Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one whose semen is upwards'

महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage (sage, seer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

यायावराणाम् (yāyāvarāṇām) - among the Yāyāvaras (of the Yāyāvaras (a class of brahmins/ascetics))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yāyāvara

yāyāvara - wandering ascetic, a particular class of brahmins devoted to a wandering life

agent noun

from root yā- (to go) with intensive reduplication

Root: yā (class 2)

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of righteousness (knower of dharma, righteous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma, righteous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective
  agent noun
  from root jñā- (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रवरः (pravaraḥ) - foremost (chief, excellent, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravara

pravara - chief, excellent, best, principal

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛ (class 5)

संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - of strict vows (of firm vows, austere)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - one who has strict vows, firm in ascetic practices

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolute
  adjective
  past participle
  from root śi- (to sharpen)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śi (class 2)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one whose vows are firm'

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