योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-187, verse-2

सत्स्वसंख्येषु देवेषु सूर्य एवोग्रभाः कथम् ।
दीर्घत्वमथ ह्रस्वत्वं दिवसानां तु किंकृतम् ॥ २ ॥

satsvasaṃkhyeṣu deveṣu sūrya evograbhāḥ katham ,
dīrghatvamatha hrasvatvaṃ divasānāṃ tu kiṃkṛtam 2

2. satsu asaṃkhyeṣu deveṣu sūryaḥ eva ugrabhāḥ katham
dīrghatvam atha hrasvatvam divasānām tu kimkṛtam

2. asaṃkhyeṣu satsu deveṣu sūryaḥ eva ugrabhāḥ katham
divasānām dīrghatvam atha hrasvatvam tu kimkṛtam

2. Among the countless existing gods (deva), how is the Sun alone so intensely radiant? And by what is the lengthening and shortening of days caused?

Words meanings summery:

• सत्सु (satsu) - among the existing ones, among the good ones

• असंख्येषु (asaṁkhyeṣu) - among the countless, among the innumerable

• देवेषु (deveṣu) - among the gods, among the celestial beings

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the Sun

• एव (eva) - only, alone, indeed

• उग्रभाः (ugrabhāḥ) - of fierce splendor, intensely radiant

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• दीर्घत्वम् (dīrghatvam) - length, lengthening

• अथ (atha) - and, moreover, now

• ह्रस्वत्वम् (hrasvatvam) - shortness, shortening

• दिवसानाम् (divasānām) - of days

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• किम्कृतम् (kimkṛtam) - by what caused? by what made?

Words meanings and morphology

सत्सु (satsu) - among the existing ones, among the good ones

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true, real

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of the root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'deveṣu'.

असंख्येषु (asaṁkhyeṣu) - among the countless, among the innumerable

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of asaṃkhya

asaṁkhya - countless, innumerable, numberless

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (a+saṃkhya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• saṃkhya – to be counted, numerable, countable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  Derived from root 'khyā' with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'deveṣu'.

देवेषु (deveṣu) - among the gods, among the celestial beings

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, shining one, celestial being

Root: div (class 4)

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the Sun

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - Sun, the sun-god

एव (eva) - only, alone, indeed

(indeclinable)

उग्रभाः (ugrabhāḥ) - of fierce splendor, intensely radiant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ugrabhās

ugrabhās - fierce-rayed, intensely radiant, having terrible light

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (ugra+bhās)

• ugra – fierce, terrible, mighty, severe
  adjective
• bhās – light, splendor, radiance
  noun (feminine)
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sūryaḥ'.

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

दीर्घत्वम् (dīrghatvam) - length, lengthening

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dīrghatva

dīrghatva - length, tallness, prolongation

अथ (atha) - and, moreover, now

(indeclinable)

ह्रस्वत्वम् (hrasvatvam) - shortness, shortening

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hrasvatva

hrasvatva - shortness, brevity, smallness

दिवसानाम् (divasānām) - of days

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of divasa

divasa - day, daytime

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

किम्कृतम् (kimkṛtam) - by what caused? by what made?

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kimkṛta

kimkṛta - caused by what, made by what

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (kim+kṛta)

• kim – what? which? why?
  pronoun
• kṛta – done, made, caused
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'dīrghatvam' and 'hrasvatvam'.

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