योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-168, verse-20

स्वप्न एवात्र दृष्टान्तो नित्यदृष्टो विचार्यताम् ।
चिन्मात्रव्यतिरेकेण सारं किं तत्र कथ्यताम् ॥ २० ॥

svapna evātra dṛṣṭānto nityadṛṣṭo vicāryatām ,
cinmātravyatirekeṇa sāraṃ kiṃ tatra kathyatām 20

20. svapnaḥ eva atra dṛṣṭāntaḥ nityadṛṣṭaḥ vicāryatām
cinmātravyātirekeṇa sāram kim tatra kathyatām

20. atra svapnaḥ nityadṛṣṭaḥ dṛṣṭāntaḥ eva vicāryatām
cinmātravyātirekeṇa tatra kim sāram kathyatām

20. Let a dream, which is an experience always observed, be considered as the example here. Apart from pure consciousness (citmātra), what essence (sāra) could possibly be attributed to it?

Words meanings summery:

• स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - a dream, sleep

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very, just

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• दृष्टान्तः (dṛṣṭāntaḥ) - example, illustration

• नित्यदृष्टः (nityadṛṣṭaḥ) - always seen, perpetually observed

• विचार्यताम् (vicāryatām) - let it be considered, let it be investigated

• चिन्मात्रव्यातिरेकेण (cinmātravyātirekeṇa) - by the exclusion of pure consciousness, apart from pure consciousness

• सारम् (sāram) - essence, substance, core

• किम् (kim) - what, which, why

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

• कथ्यताम् (kathyatām) - let it be stated, let it be told

Words meanings and morphology

स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - a dream, sleep

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - sleep, dream, dreaming

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: nominative singular of svapna

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very, just

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

दृष्टान्तः (dṛṣṭāntaḥ) - example, illustration

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭānta

dṛṣṭānta - example, illustration, parallel

Note: nominative singular of dṛṣṭānta

नित्यदृष्टः (nityadṛṣṭaḥ) - always seen, perpetually observed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nityadṛṣṭa

nityadṛṣṭa - constantly seen, perpetually observed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nitya+dṛṣṭa)

• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual, regular
  adjective (masculine)
• dṛṣṭa – seen, observed, perceived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root √dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: nominative singular masculine, agreeing with svapnaḥ/dṛṣṭāntaḥ.

विचार्यताम् (vicāryatām) - let it be considered, let it be investigated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of vicār

Imperative Mood, Passive Voice

formed from root √car (to move) with prefix vi + ā, in passive imperative.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular imperative passive middle voice.

चिन्मात्रव्यातिरेकेण (cinmātravyātirekeṇa) - by the exclusion of pure consciousness, apart from pure consciousness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of cinmātravyātireka

cinmātravyātireka - exclusion of pure consciousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (citmātra+vyātireka)

• citmātra – mere consciousness, pure consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  compound of cit (consciousness) and mātra (only/mere)
• vyātireka – separation, exclusion, distinction
  noun (masculine)
  derived from √ric (to separate) with prefixes vi + ati.
  Prefixes: vi+ati
  Root: ric (class 7)

Note: instrumental singular of cinmātravyātireka, meaning "by means of exclusion" or "apart from."

सारम् (sāram) - essence, substance, core

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāra

sāra - essence, substance, strength, core

Note: nominative singular neuter, as the subject of the passive verb kathyatām.

किम् (kim) - what, which, why

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

interrogative pronoun/adverb

Note: nominative singular neuter, interrogative.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the "dream" (svapna).

कथ्यताम् (kathyatām) - let it be stated, let it be told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of kath

Imperative Mood, Passive Voice

formed from the causative stem kathaya- of √kath (to speak, tell), with passive -ya and middle ending -tām

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: 3rd person singular imperative passive middle voice.