योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-5, verse-23

हे जना अपरिज्ञात आत्मा वो दुःखसिद्धये ।
परिज्ञातस्त्वनन्ताय सुखायोपशमाय च ॥ २३ ॥

he janā aparijñāta ātmā vo duḥkhasiddhaye ,
parijñātastvanantāya sukhāyopaśamāya ca 23

23. he janā aparijñātaḥ ātmā vaḥ duḥkhasiddhaye |
parijñātaḥ tu anantāya sukhāya upaśamāya ca ||

23. he janā,
aparijñātaḥ ātmā vaḥ duḥkhasiddhaye (bhavati).
parijñātaḥ tu anantāya sukhāya upaśamāya ca (bhavati).

23. O people, the unknown self (ātman) leads to your suffering, while the known self (ātman) leads to everlasting happiness and tranquility.

23. הוי בני אדם, כל עוד העצמי הפנימי אינו מוכר לכם, הדבר מביא רק סבל; אך כשהוא מוכר ומובן, הוא מביא אושר אינסופי ושלווה עמוקה.

Words meanings summery:

• हे (he) - O, alas

• जना (janā) - people, persons

• अपरिज्ञातः (aparijñātaḥ) - unknown, undiscovered

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the individual self or spirit (self, soul, spirit, essential nature)

• वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), your

• दुःखसिद्धये (duḥkhasiddhaye) - for the accomplishment of suffering, for the attainment of sorrow

• परिज्ञातः (parijñātaḥ) - fully known, well-understood

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• अनन्ताय (anantāya) - for eternal happiness (implied by sukhāya) (for the endless, for the infinite, for eternity)

• सुखाय (sukhāya) - for happiness, for joy

• उपशमाय (upaśamāya) - for tranquility, for peace, for cessation (of suffering)

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

हे (he) - O, alas

(indeclinable)

जना (janā) - people, persons

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - a person, man, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

अपरिज्ञातः (aparijñātaḥ) - unknown, undiscovered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aparijñāta

aparijñāta - unknown, undiscovered

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'na' (negation) + 'pari' (around, fully) + 'jñā' (to know).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parijñāta)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• parijñāta – known, recognized
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pari + jñā.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'ātmā'.

आत्मा (ātmā) - the individual self or spirit (self, soul, spirit, essential nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit

वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), your

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Equivalent to 'yuṣmabhyam' or 'yuṣmākam'. Here dative is implied by 'siddhaye'.

दुःखसिद्धये (duḥkhasiddhaye) - for the accomplishment of suffering, for the attainment of sorrow

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of duḥkhasiddhi

duḥkhasiddhi - attainment of sorrow, accomplishment of suffering

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+siddhi)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• siddhi – accomplishment, attainment, success
  noun (feminine)
  Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: Expresses purpose.

परिज्ञातः (parijñātaḥ) - fully known, well-understood

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parijñāta

parijñāta - known, recognized, understood

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'pari' (around, fully) + 'jñā' (to know).

Prefix: pari

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'ātmā' (implied).

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

अनन्ताय (anantāya) - for eternal happiness (implied by sukhāya) (for the endless, for the infinite, for eternity)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of ananta

ananta - endless, infinite, eternal

From 'na' (negation) + 'anta' (end).

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+anta)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• anta – end, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Expresses purpose, linked with 'sukhāya'.

सुखाय (sukhāya) - for happiness, for joy

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort

Note: Expresses purpose.

उपशमाय (upaśamāya) - for tranquility, for peace, for cessation (of suffering)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of upaśama

upaśama - tranquility, peace, cessation

From 'upa' (near, subordinate) + 'śam' (to be calm).

Prefix: upa

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Expresses purpose.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

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