योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-5, verse-23

हे जना अपरिज्ञात आत्मा वो दुःखसिद्धये ।
परिज्ञातस्त्वनन्ताय सुखायोपशमाय च ॥ २३ ॥

he janā aparijñāta ātmā vo duḥkhasiddhaye ,
parijñātastvanantāya sukhāyopaśamāya ca 23

23. he janā aparijñātaḥ ātmā vaḥ duḥkhasiddhaye |
parijñātaḥ tu anantāya sukhāya upaśamāya ca ||

23. he janā,
aparijñātaḥ ātmā vaḥ duḥkhasiddhaye (bhavati).
parijñātaḥ tu anantāya sukhāya upaśamāya ca (bhavati).

23. O people, the unknown self (ātman) leads to your suffering, while the known self (ātman) leads to everlasting happiness and tranquility.

Words meanings summery:

• हे (he) - O, alas

• जना (janā) - people, persons

• अपरिज्ञातः (aparijñātaḥ) - unknown, undiscovered

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the individual self or spirit (self, soul, spirit, essential nature)

• वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), your

• दुःखसिद्धये (duḥkhasiddhaye) - for the accomplishment of suffering, for the attainment of sorrow

• परिज्ञातः (parijñātaḥ) - fully known, well-understood

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• अनन्ताय (anantāya) - for eternal happiness (implied by sukhāya) (for the endless, for the infinite, for eternity)

• सुखाय (sukhāya) - for happiness, for joy

• उपशमाय (upaśamāya) - for tranquility, for peace, for cessation (of suffering)

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

हे (he) - O, alas

(indeclinable)

जना (janā) - people, persons

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - a person, man, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

अपरिज्ञातः (aparijñātaḥ) - unknown, undiscovered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aparijñāta

aparijñāta - unknown, undiscovered

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'na' (negation) + 'pari' (around, fully) + 'jñā' (to know).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parijñāta)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• parijñāta – known, recognized
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pari + jñā.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'ātmā'.

आत्मा (ātmā) - the individual self or spirit (self, soul, spirit, essential nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit

वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), your

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Equivalent to 'yuṣmabhyam' or 'yuṣmākam'. Here dative is implied by 'siddhaye'.

दुःखसिद्धये (duḥkhasiddhaye) - for the accomplishment of suffering, for the attainment of sorrow

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of duḥkhasiddhi

duḥkhasiddhi - attainment of sorrow, accomplishment of suffering

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+siddhi)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• siddhi – accomplishment, attainment, success
  noun (feminine)
  Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: Expresses purpose.

परिज्ञातः (parijñātaḥ) - fully known, well-understood

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parijñāta

parijñāta - known, recognized, understood

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'pari' (around, fully) + 'jñā' (to know).

Prefix: pari

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'ātmā' (implied).

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

अनन्ताय (anantāya) - for eternal happiness (implied by sukhāya) (for the endless, for the infinite, for eternity)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of ananta

ananta - endless, infinite, eternal

From 'na' (negation) + 'anta' (end).

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+anta)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• anta – end, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Expresses purpose, linked with 'sukhāya'.

सुखाय (sukhāya) - for happiness, for joy

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort

Note: Expresses purpose.

उपशमाय (upaśamāya) - for tranquility, for peace, for cessation (of suffering)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of upaśama

upaśama - tranquility, peace, cessation

From 'upa' (near, subordinate) + 'śam' (to be calm).

Prefix: upa

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Expresses purpose.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)