योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-5, verse-20

इदं रुक्ममिदं भस्म परिज्ञातमिति स्फुटम् ।
न यथा हेमकारस्य हेमज्ञानात्मनस्तथा ॥ २० ॥

idaṃ rukmamidaṃ bhasma parijñātamiti sphuṭam ,
na yathā hemakārasya hemajñānātmanastathā 20

20. idam rukmam idam bhasma parijñātam iti sphuṭam
na yathā hemakārasya hemajñāna ātmanaḥ tathā

20. idam rukmam idam bhasma iti sphuṭam parijñātam
hemajñāna ātmanaḥ hemakārasya yathā na tathā

20. "This is gold, this is ash"—such a distinction is clearly known (by a common person). However, it is not known in the same way by a goldsmith, whose true nature (ātman) is the knowledge of gold.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this

• रुक्मम् (rukmam) - gold

• इदम् (idam) - this

• भस्म (bhasma) - ash

• परिज्ञातम् (parijñātam) - fully known, understood

• इति (iti) - thus, so, denoting quotation

• स्फुटम् (sphuṭam) - clearly, distinctly, evident

• न (na) - not

• यथा (yathā) - just as, in what manner

• हेमकारस्य (hemakārasya) - of the goldsmith

• हेमज्ञान (hemajñāna) - knowledge of gold

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - whose true nature (ātman)

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Predicative nominative, indicating 'this is'.

रुक्मम् (rukmam) - gold

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rukma

rukma - gold, golden ornament

Note: Predicative nominative.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Predicative nominative.

भस्म (bhasma) - ash

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhasman

bhasman - ash, cinders

Note: Predicative nominative.

परिज्ञातम् (parijñātam) - fully known, understood

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parijñāta

parijñāta - fully known, completely understood

Past Passive Participle

from pari- + jñā (to know)

Prefix: pari

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to the preceding statement 'idam rukmam idam bhasma'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, denoting quotation

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the preceding phrase as a thought or statement.

स्फुटम् (sphuṭam) - clearly, distinctly, evident

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sphuṭa

sphuṭa - clear, distinct, evident, expanded

Past Passive Participle of √sphuṭ (to burst, open)

Root: sphuṭ (class 6)

Note: Adverbial usage in neuter nominative singular, meaning 'clearly'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the comparison.

यथा (yathā) - just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms a correlative pair with 'tathā'.

हेमकारस्य (hemakārasya) - of the goldsmith

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hemakāra

hemakāra - goldsmith

Compound: hema (gold) + kāra (maker)

Compound type : tatpurusha (hema+kāra)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• kāra – maker, doer
  noun (masculine)
  from √kṛ + -a (agent noun)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

हेमज्ञान (hemajñāna) - knowledge of gold

(noun)

neuter, singular of hemajñāna

hemajñāna - knowledge of gold

Compound: hema (gold) + jñāna (knowledge)

Compound type : tatpurusha (hema+jñāna)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• jñāna – knowledge, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  from √jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: First part of the Bahuvrihi compound 'hemajñānātmanaḥ'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - whose true nature (ātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, supreme spirit, essence, nature

Note: Second part of the Bahuvrihi compound 'hemajñānātmanaḥ', which as a whole is in the genitive case.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative to 'yathā'.