योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-22, verse-38

कियन्तमथवा कालमिदमाडम्वरं महत् ।
इहास्माभिरनुष्ठेयं किं तावत्समवाप्यते ॥ ३८ ॥

kiyantamathavā kālamidamāḍamvaraṃ mahat ,
ihāsmābhiranuṣṭheyaṃ kiṃ tāvatsamavāpyate 38

38. kiyantam athavā kālam idam āḍambaram mahat |
iha asmābhiḥ anuṣṭheyam kim tāvat samavāpyate

38. athavā iha asmābhiḥ kiyantam kālam idam mahat
āḍambaram anuṣṭheyam? tāvat kim samavāpyate?

38. Alternatively, for how long must this great display (āḍambara) be performed by us here? What, then, is truly achieved (samavāpyate) by it?

Words meanings summery:

• कियन्तम् (kiyantam) - how long (referring to time). (how much, how long (masculine singular accusative))

• अथवा (athavā) - or, alternatively

• कालम् (kālam) - time, period

• इदम् (idam) - this

• आडम्बरम् (āḍambaram) - this grand, perhaps superfluous, activity or undertaking. (pomp, ostentation, display, great undertaking)

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• इह (iha) - in this human existence. (here, in this world, now)

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

• अनुष्ठेयम् (anuṣṭheyam) - to be performed, to be carried out

• किम् (kim) - what?

• तावत् (tāvat) - indeed, then. (so much, then, meanwhile, truly)

• समवाप्यते (samavāpyate) - is attained, is obtained, is achieved

Words meanings and morphology

कियन्तम् (kiyantam) - how long (referring to time). (how much, how long (masculine singular accusative))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kiyat

kiyat - how much, how many, how far, how long

Interrogative adjective/pronoun.

Note: Adjective for kālam.

अथवा (athavā) - or, alternatively

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

कालम् (kālam) - time, period

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

Note: Accusative used adverbially to indicate duration 'for how long'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Could also be accusative, agreeing with āḍambaram. Here as subject.

आडम्बरम् (āḍambaram) - this grand, perhaps superfluous, activity or undertaking. (pomp, ostentation, display, great undertaking)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āḍambara

āḍambara - pomp, display, ostentation, great undertaking, preparation

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important

Present Active Participle (used as adjective)

From root √mah (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Adjective for āḍambaram.

इह (iha) - in this human existence. (here, in this world, now)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place/time.

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person plural pronoun.

Note: Agent in passive construction.

अनुष्ठेयम् (anuṣṭheyam) - to be performed, to be carried out

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuṣṭheya

anuṣṭheya - to be performed, to be done, to be practiced

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From anu- (after) + √sthā (to stand) + suffix -eya.

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, implicitly takes syāt 'should be'.

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Subject of samavāpyate.

तावत् (tāvat) - indeed, then. (so much, then, meanwhile, truly)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

समवाप्यते (samavāpyate) - is attained, is obtained, is achieved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of samavāp

Present Passive Indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice. From sam- (together) + ava- (down) + √āp (to obtain).

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: āp (class 5)

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