योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-35, verse-54

अवत्सलाद्यथा बन्धोः सुखदुःखैर्न लिप्यते ।
तत्त्वेन संपरिज्ञानात्तथा तत्त्वचयात्मनः ॥ ५४ ॥

avatsalādyathā bandhoḥ sukhaduḥkhairna lipyate ,
tattvena saṃparijñānāttathā tattvacayātmanaḥ 54

54. avatsalāt yathā bandhoḥ sukha-duḥkhaiḥ na lipyate
| tattvena sam-parijñānāt tathā tattva-caya-ātmanaḥ

54. yathā avatsalāt bandhoḥ sukha-duḥkhaiḥ na lipyate,
tathā tattva-caya-ātmanaḥ tattvena sam-parijñānāt (na lipyate)

54. Just as one is not affected by the joys and sorrows (sukha-duḥkha) arising from an unaffectionate relative (bandhu), similarly, through the perfect knowledge (samparijñāna) of the true nature (tattva) of the self (ātman) as constituted by various elements (tattvacaya), one is not tainted.

Words meanings summery:

• अवत्सलात् (avatsalāt) - from an unaffectionate (relative) (from an unaffectionate one, from a heartless person)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• बन्धोः (bandhoḥ) - of a relative (bandhu) (of a relative, from a relative)

• सुख-दुःखैः (sukha-duḥkhaiḥ) - by joys and sorrows (sukha-duḥkha) (by joys and sorrows, by pleasure and pain)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• लिप्यते (lipyate) - is affected, is tainted (is smeared, is tainted, is affected)

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - by the true nature (tattva) (by the truth, by the reality, by the essential nature)

• सम्-परिज्ञानात् (sam-parijñānāt) - through complete knowledge (samparijñāna) (from complete knowledge, by perfect understanding)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, in that manner)

• तत्त्व-चय-आत्मनः (tattva-caya-ātmanaḥ) - of the self (ātman) as constituted by various elements (tattvacaya) (of the self which is a collection of elements/principles)

Words meanings and morphology

अवत्सलात् (avatsalāt) - from an unaffectionate (relative) (from an unaffectionate one, from a heartless person)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of avatsala

avatsala - unaffectionate, heartless, loveless, cruel

From `a-` (negation) + `vatsala` (affectionate, loving).

Note: Qualifies `bandhoḥ`, indicating source of detachment.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

बन्धोः (bandhoḥ) - of a relative (bandhu) (of a relative, from a relative)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bandhu

bandhu - kinsman, relative, friend, connection

From root `bandh` (to bind).

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Can also be ablative in some contexts; here, indicates source in conjunction with `avatsalāt`.

सुख-दुःखैः (sukha-duḥkhaiḥ) - by joys and sorrows (sukha-duḥkha) (by joys and sorrows, by pleasure and pain)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sukha-duḥkha

sukha-duḥkha - pleasure and pain, joy and sorrow, happiness and misery

Compound. `sukha` (joy, happiness) + `duḥkha` (sorrow, pain).

Compound type : Dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – pleasure, happiness, ease, joy
  noun (neuter)
  From `su` (good) + `kha` (opening/space).
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery, distress
  noun (neuter)
  From `dus` (bad) + `kha` (opening/space).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for negation.

लिप्यते (lipyate) - is affected, is tainted (is smeared, is tainted, is affected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of lip

Present passive indicative

From root `lip` (6th class), in passive voice, atmanepada.

Root: lip (class 6)

Note: Subject is implied "one".

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - by the true nature (tattva) (by the truth, by the reality, by the essential nature)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle, true state, fundamental nature

From `tad` (that) + `tva` (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Connects with `samparijñānāt`.

सम्-परिज्ञानात् (sam-parijñānāt) - through complete knowledge (samparijñāna) (from complete knowledge, by perfect understanding)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of samparijñāna

samparijñāna - complete knowledge, perfect understanding, full comprehension

From `sam` + `pari` + root `jñā` (to know) + suffix `lyuṭ`.

Prefixes: sam+pari

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates cause or means.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the second part of the comparison.

तत्त्व-चय-आत्मनः (tattva-caya-ātmanaḥ) - of the self (ātman) as constituted by various elements (tattvacaya) (of the self which is a collection of elements/principles)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tattva-caya-ātman

tattva-caya-ātman - the self which is a collection of elements or principles

Compound. `tattva-caya` (collection of elements/principles) + `ātman` (self).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya or Bahuvrīhi (tattva+caya+ātman)

• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle, element
  noun (neuter)
  From `tad` (that) + `tva` (suffix for abstract noun).
• caya – collection, heap, accumulation, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  From root `ci` (to gather, collect).
  Root: ci (class 5)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Dependent on `tattvena saṃparijñānāt`.

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