योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-35, verse-1

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
जयन्ति ते महाशूराः साधवो यैर्विनिर्जितम् ।
अविद्यामेदुरोल्लासैः स्वमनो विषयोन्मुखम् ॥ १ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
jayanti te mahāśūrāḥ sādhavo yairvinirjitam ,
avidyāmedurollāsaiḥ svamano viṣayonmukham 1

1. śrī-vasiṣṭha uvāca jayanti te mahāśūrāḥ sādhavaḥ yaiḥ
vinirjitam avidyā-medura-ullāsaiḥ svamanam viṣaya-unmukham

1. śrī-vasiṣṭha uvāca.
yaiḥ sādhavaḥ te mahāśūrāḥ,
(yaiḥ) avidyā-medura-ullāsaiḥ viṣaya-unmukham svamanam vinirjitam (te) jayanti.

1. Śrī Vasiṣṭha said: Victorious are those great heroes, the virtuous ones, by whom their own mind—which is turned towards objects of sense and is full of the dense exuberance of nescience (avidyā)—has been thoroughly conquered.

Words meanings summery:

• श्री-वसिष्ठ (śrī-vasiṣṭha) - Revered Vasiṣṭha (Glorious Vasiṣṭha, Revered Vasiṣṭha)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• जयन्ति (jayanti) - they are victorious (they conquer, they are victorious, they triumph)

• ते (te) - those (great heroes) (those, they)

• महाशूराः (mahāśūrāḥ) - great heroes (great heroes, mighty warriors)

• साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - the virtuous ones (virtuous ones, good people, sages)

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom (by the sādhavaḥ / great heroes) (by whom (plural, masculine/neuter))

• विनिर्जितम् (vinirjitam) - has been thoroughly conquered (completely conquered, vanquished)

• अविद्या-मेदुर-उल्लासैः (avidyā-medura-ullāsaiḥ) - by the dense exuberance of nescience (avidyā) (describing the state of the mind) (by the dense/inflamed exuberance of nescience)

• स्वमनम् (svamanam) - their own mind (one's own mind)

• विषय-उन्मुखम् (viṣaya-unmukham) - turned towards objects of sense (turned towards objects of sense, facing sense objects)

Words meanings and morphology

श्री-वसिष्ठ (śrī-vasiṣṭha) - Revered Vasiṣṭha (Glorious Vasiṣṭha, Revered Vasiṣṭha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrī-vasiṣṭha

śrī-vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (a venerable sage), accompanied by prosperity/glory

Karmadhāraya compound where śrī acts as an honorific prefix.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+vasiṣṭha)

• śrī – glory, prosperity, revered, sacred
  adjective/noun (feminine)
• vasiṣṭha – Vasiṣṭha (name of a prominent Vedic sage)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense form of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

जयन्ति (jayanti) - they are victorious (they conquer, they are victorious, they triumph)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ji

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject is te mahāśūrāḥ sādhavaḥ.

ते (te) - those (great heroes) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of jayanti.

महाशूराः (mahāśūrāḥ) - great heroes (great heroes, mighty warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāśūra

mahāśūra - great hero, mighty warrior

Karmadhāraya compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+śūra)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• śūra – hero, warrior, brave, strong
  noun/adjective (masculine)

Note: Part of the subject phrase.

साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - the virtuous ones (virtuous ones, good people, sages)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, sage, holy man

From root sādh (to accomplish).

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Part of the subject phrase.

यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom (by the sādhavaḥ / great heroes) (by whom (plural, masculine/neuter))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Agent of the passive vinirjitam.

विनिर्जितम् (vinirjitam) - has been thoroughly conquered (completely conquered, vanquished)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vinirjita

vinirjita - completely conquered, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ji (to conquer) with prefixes vi and nir.

Prefixes: vi+nir

Root: ji (class 1)

अविद्या-मेदुर-उल्लासैः (avidyā-medura-ullāsaiḥ) - by the dense exuberance of nescience (avidyā) (describing the state of the mind) (by the dense/inflamed exuberance of nescience)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of avidyā-medura-ullāsa

avidyā-medura-ullāsa - the dense/excessive exuberance or joy of ignorance

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (avidyā+medura+ullāsa)

• avidyā – nescience, ignorance
  noun (feminine)
  Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a + vidyā). Refers to avidyā.
  Prefix: a
• medura – fatty, oily, dense, thick, abundant, luxuriant, inflamed
  adjective
• ullāsa – joy, delight, exuberance, flash, manifestation
  noun (masculine)
  From root las with prefix ud (ut).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: las (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of svamanam.

स्वमनम् (svamanam) - their own mind (one's own mind)

(noun)

neuter, singular of svamanas

svamanas - one's own mind, own intellect

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+manas)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun/adjective
• manas – mind, intellect, thought, heart
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: The object being conquered.

विषय-उन्मुखम् (viṣaya-unmukham) - turned towards objects of sense (turned towards objects of sense, facing sense objects)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viṣaya-unmukha

viṣaya-unmukha - facing sense objects, inclined towards worldly matters

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣaya+unmukha)

• viṣaya – object of sense, sphere, domain, subject
  noun (masculine)
• unmukha – facing, looking towards, inclined to, eager
  adjective
  Derived from ud + mukha (face).
  Prefix: ud

Note: Describes svamanam.

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