योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-50, verse-48

यदा तदाहतिं तस्य कण्ठेऽदात्सिन्धुरुद्धतः ।
अर्धविच्छिन्नकण्ठोऽसावनुयातोऽथ सिन्धुना ॥ ४८ ॥

yadā tadāhatiṃ tasya kaṇṭhe'dātsindhuruddhataḥ ,
ardhavicchinnakaṇṭho'sāvanuyāto'tha sindhunā 48

48. yadā tadā āhatim tasya kaṇṭhe adāt sindhuḥ uddhataḥ
ardhavicchinnakaṇṭhaḥ asau anuyātaḥ atha sindhunā

48. yadā tadā uddhataḥ sindhuḥ tasya kaṇṭhe āhatim adāt
atha asau ardhavicchinnakaṇṭhaḥ sindhunā anuyātaḥ

48. Then, the arrogant Sindhu delivered a blow to his neck. With his neck half-severed, he was then pursued by Sindhu.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आहतिम् (āhatim) - a blow, a stroke, an impact

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

• कण्ठे (kaṇṭhe) - on the neck, in the throat

• अदात् (adāt) - gave, bestowed

• सिन्धुः (sindhuḥ) - King Sindhu (Jayadratha) (Sindhu (proper name), river, ocean)

• उद्धतः (uddhataḥ) - arrogant, haughty, uplifted

• अर्धविच्छिन्नकण्ठः (ardhavicchinnakaṇṭhaḥ) - with his neck half-severed

• असौ (asau) - Vidūratha (he, that one (masculine))

• अनुयातः (anuyātaḥ) - followed, pursued

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• सिन्धुना (sindhunā) - by King Sindhu (Jayadratha) (by Sindhu)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

आहतिम् (āhatim) - a blow, a stroke, an impact

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āhati

āhati - a blow, a stroke, an impact, an assault

From root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कण्ठे (kaṇṭhe) - on the neck, in the throat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaṇṭha

kaṇṭha - neck, throat, voice

अदात् (adāt) - gave, bestowed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Aorist (luṅ) of dā

Aorist (luṅ) form of root dā.

Root: dā (class 3)

सिन्धुः (sindhuḥ) - King Sindhu (Jayadratha) (Sindhu (proper name), river, ocean)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sindhu

sindhu - river, ocean, Indus (river), name of a country, king of Sindhu

उद्धतः (uddhataḥ) - arrogant, haughty, uplifted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uddhata

uddhata - uplifted, raised, haughty, arrogant, impetuous

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike) with prefix ud (to strike up, then to be proud); or from dhṛ (to hold) with prefix ud (to hold up).

Prefix: ud

Root: han (class 2)

अर्धविच्छिन्नकण्ठः (ardhavicchinnakaṇṭhaḥ) - with his neck half-severed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ardhavicchinnakaṇṭha

ardhavicchinnakaṇṭha - having a half-severed neck

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose neck is half-severed.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ardha+vicchinna+kaṇṭha)

• ardha – half, part
  adjective (neuter)
• vicchinna – cut asunder, broken, severed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root chid (to cut) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: chid (class 7)
• kaṇṭha – neck, throat
  noun (masculine)

असौ (asau) - Vidūratha (he, that one (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, he, she, it (referring to something distant or out of sight)

अनुयातः (anuyātaḥ) - followed, pursued

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuyāta

anuyāta - followed, accompanied, pursued

Past Passive Participle

From root yā (to go) with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

सिन्धुना (sindhunā) - by King Sindhu (Jayadratha) (by Sindhu)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sindhu

sindhu - river, ocean, Indus (river), name of a country, king of Sindhu