योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-50, verse-38

वञ्चयित्वा विलासेन रथमारुह्य लाघवात् ।
हा धिक्कष्टमसौ सिन्धुरार्यपुत्ररथं रयात् ॥ ३८ ॥

vañcayitvā vilāsena rathamāruhya lāghavāt ,
hā dhikkaṣṭamasau sindhurāryaputrarathaṃ rayāt 38

38. vañcayitvā vilāsena ratham āruhya lāghavāt hā
dhik kaṣṭam asau sindhuḥ āryaputraratham rayāt

38. asau sindhuḥ vilāsena vañcayitvā lāghavāt ratham
āruhya hā dhik kaṣṭam āryaputraratham rayāt

38. Alas, what misery! Having playfully deceived and swiftly mounted the chariot with agility, that Sindhu (Jayadratha) rapidly carried away the chariot of the noble prince (Arjuna/Yudhiṣṭhira).

Words meanings summery:

• वञ्चयित्वा (vañcayitvā) - having playfully deceived (having deceived, having cheated, having beguiled)

• विलासेन (vilāsena) - playfully, with ease (with playfulness, with sport, with ease, with grace)

• रथम् (ratham) - the chariot (chariot)

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended, having climbed)

• लाघवात् (lāghavāt) - with agility, swiftly (from lightness, from swiftness, from agility, skillfully)

• हा (hā) - alas! (alas!, oh!, ah!)

• धिक् (dhik) - fie!, what a pity! (fie!, shame!, woe!, away with!)

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misery, distress (misery, distress, difficulty, suffering; miserable, painful)

• असौ (asau) - that one (referring to Sindhu/Jayadratha) (that one, that (masculine nominative singular))

• सिन्धुः (sindhuḥ) - King of Sindhu (Jayadratha) (the river Sindhu, the region of Sindhu, King of Sindhu (Jayadratha))

• आर्यपुत्ररथम् (āryaputraratham) - the chariot of the noble prince (referring to Arjuna or another Pandava) (the chariot of the noble son/prince)

• रयात् (rayāt) - swiftly, rapidly (from speed, swiftly, rapidly)

Words meanings and morphology

वञ्चयित्वा (vañcayitvā) - having playfully deceived (having deceived, having cheated, having beguiled)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) of causative

Formed from the causative stem of root `vañc` (1st class, `vañcati`) + suffix `-tvā`

Root: vañc (class 1)

Note: Expresses action completed before the main verb

विलासेन (vilāsena) - playfully, with ease (with playfulness, with sport, with ease, with grace)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vilāsa

vilāsa - play, sport, amusement, ease, grace

From `vi-` + root `las` (to sport, play)

Prefix: vi

Root: las (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - the chariot (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root `ramh` (to go swiftly) or `ṛ` (to go)

Root: ramh / ṛ

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended, having climbed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From prefix `ā-` + root `ruh` (to grow, ascend) + suffix `-ya` (used after prefixes)

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Expresses action completed before the main verb

लाघवात् (lāghavāt) - with agility, swiftly (from lightness, from swiftness, from agility, skillfully)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of lāghava

lāghava - lightness, swiftness, agility, dexterity

From `laghu` (light, swift) + suffix `aṇ` (भावप्रत्यय)

Note: Expresses the cause or manner ('from swiftness' implies 'swiftly')

हा (hā) - alas! (alas!, oh!, ah!)

(indeclinable)

Note: Exclamation of distress

धिक् (dhik) - fie!, what a pity! (fie!, shame!, woe!, away with!)

(indeclinable)

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misery, distress (misery, distress, difficulty, suffering; miserable, painful)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - misery, distress, difficulty, suffering (noun); painful, miserable, bad (adjective)

From root `kaṣ` (to hurt, injure) + `kta` suffix (past participle)

Root: kaṣ (class 1)

Note: Governed by `dhik`

असौ (asau) - that one (referring to Sindhu/Jayadratha) (that one, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to `sindhuḥ`

सिन्धुः (sindhuḥ) - King of Sindhu (Jayadratha) (the river Sindhu, the region of Sindhu, King of Sindhu (Jayadratha))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sindhu

sindhu - river, ocean, the Indus river, the region of Sindhu, a king of Sindhu

Root: syand (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb

आर्यपुत्ररथम् (āryaputraratham) - the chariot of the noble prince (referring to Arjuna or another Pandava) (the chariot of the noble son/prince)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āryaputraratha

āryaputraratha - chariot of the noble son/prince

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpurusha (āryaputra+ratha)

• āryaputra – son of a noble one, noble prince, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: ārya + putra
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh / ṛ

Note: Object of the implied verb

रयात् (rayāt) - swiftly, rapidly (from speed, swiftly, rapidly)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raya

raya - speed, swiftness, current, stream

From root `rī` (to go, flow)

Root: rī (class 5)

Note: Expresses the manner ('from speed' implies 'speedily')