वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-83, verse-42

दशाननः क्रोधविवृत्तनेत्रो यतो यतो ऽभ्येति रथेन संख्ये ।
ततस्ततस्तस्य शरप्रवेगं सोढुं न शेकुर्हरियूथपास्ते ॥४२॥

42. daśānanaḥ krodhavivṛttanetro yato yato'bhyeti rathena saṃkhye ,
tatastatastasya śarapravegaṃ soḍhuṃ na śekurhariyūthapāste.

42. daśānanaḥ krodhavivṛttanetraḥ
yataḥ yataḥ abhyeti rathena saṃkhye
tataḥ tataḥ tasya śarapravegam
soḍhum na śekuḥ hariyūthapāḥ te

42. daśānanaḥ krodhavivṛttanetraḥ rathena yataḥ yataḥ saṃkhye abhyeti,
tataḥ tataḥ te hariyūthapāḥ tasya śarapravegam soḍhum na śekuḥ

42. Wherever Rāvaṇa, with eyes widened in rage, advanced in his chariot during the battle, the commanders of the monkeys were unable to withstand the intense barrage of his arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (the ten-faced one)

• क्रोधविवृत्तनेत्रः (krodhavivṛttanetraḥ) - with eyes widened/rolling in rage

• यतः (yataḥ) - from where, wherever

• यतः (yataḥ) - from where, wherever

• अभ्येति (abhyeti) - he approaches, goes towards

• रथेन (rathena) - by chariot

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then, in that direction

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then, in that direction

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• शरप्रवेगम् (śarapravegam) - rapid shower/onset of arrows, arrow volley

• सोढुम् (soḍhum) - to endure, to bear, to tolerate

• न (na) - not

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able, capable

• हरियूथपाः (hariyūthapāḥ) - monkey chiefs/commanders

• ते (te) - those, they

Words meanings and morphology

दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (the ten-faced one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśānana

daśānana - ten-faced (epithet of Rāvaṇa)

Compound of 'daśa' (ten) and 'ānana' (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+ānana)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

क्रोधविवृत्तनेत्रः (krodhavivṛttanetraḥ) - with eyes widened/rolling in rage

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodhavivṛttanetra

krodhavivṛttanetra - whose eyes are rolling or wide open due to anger

Compound of 'krodha' (anger) and 'vivṛttanetra' (one whose eyes are wide open/rolling). 'vivṛtta' is Past Passive Participle of √vṛt with 'vi'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krodha+vivṛttanetra)

• krodha – anger, rage
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √krudh (to be angry).
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• vivṛttanetra – having rolling or wide eyes
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of 'vivṛtta' (rolled, turned) and 'netra' (eye).
• vivṛtta – rolled, turned, wide open
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √vṛt (to turn, roll) with prefix 'vi-'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• netra – eye
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √nī (to lead), meaning 'that which guides/leads'.
  Root: nī (class 1)

यतः (yataḥ) - from where, wherever

(indeclinable)

Locative adverbial suffix -tas from interrogative pronoun 'yad'.

यतः (yataḥ) - from where, wherever

(indeclinable)

Locative adverbial suffix -tas from interrogative pronoun 'yad'.

अभ्येति (abhyeti) - he approaches, goes towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhyeti

Present tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

From root √i (to go) with prefix 'abhi-'. 'eti' is 3rd singular present of √i.

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

रथेन (rathena) - by chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Derived from root √ram (to delight) or √ṛ (to go).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Instrument of approach.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, war

Derived from root √khyā (to perceive, know) with prefix 'sam-'.

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Indicates the place/context of action.

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then, in that direction

(indeclinable)

Locative adverbial suffix -tas from pronominal base 'tad'.

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then, in that direction

(indeclinable)

Locative adverbial suffix -tas from pronominal base 'tad'.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, 'his shower of arrows'.

शरप्रवेगम् (śarapravegam) - rapid shower/onset of arrows, arrow volley

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śarapravega

śarapravega - a rapid flight of arrows, a shower of arrows

Compound of 'śara' (arrow) and 'pravega' (impetuosity, velocity, onset).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+pravega)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √śṝ (to break).
  Root: śṝ (class 9)
• pravega – velocity, impulse, onset, shower
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √vij (to move quickly) with prefix 'pra-'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Object of 'soḍhum'.

सोढुम् (soḍhum) - to endure, to bear, to tolerate

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of sah

infinitive

Infinitive form of root √sah (to bear). The 'ḍh' comes from the root '√sah' when followed by 'tumun' suffix.

Root: sah (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able, capable

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of śak

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person plural

Perfect form of root √śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The subject is 'hariyūthapāḥ'.

हरियूथपाः (hariyūthapāḥ) - monkey chiefs/commanders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hariyūthapa

hariyūthapa - chief of monkeys, monkey commander

Compound of 'hari' (monkey) and 'yūthapa' (chief of a herd/troop).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+yūthapa)

• hari – monkey, lion, sun, Viṣṇu
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• yūthapa – chief of a herd/troop, leader
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'yūtha' (herd, troop) and 'pa' (protector, one who drinks/rules, from √pā).

Note: Subject of 'śekuḥ'.

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Emphasizes 'hariyūthapāḥ'.