वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-83, verse-40

ततः क्रुद्धो दशग्रीवः शरैः काञ्चनभूषणैः ।
वानराणामनीकेषु चकार कदनं महत् ॥४०॥

40. tataḥ kruddho daśagrīvaḥ śaraiḥ kāñcanabhūṣaṇaiḥ ,
vānarāṇāmanīkeṣu cakāra kadanaṃ mahat.

40. tataḥ kruddhaḥ daśagrīvaḥ śaraiḥ kāñcanabhūṣaṇaiḥ
vānarāṇām anīkeṣu cakāra kadanam mahat

40. tataḥ kruddhaḥ daśagrīvaḥ kāñcanabhūṣaṇaiḥ
śaraiḥ vānarāṇām anīkeṣu mahat kadanam cakāra

40. Then, the enraged Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa) wrought great destruction among the Vānara armies with his gold-ornamented arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Then (indicating sequence of events) (then, thereupon, from there)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - the enraged Daśagrīva (enraged, angry, furious)

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa, lit. "ten-necked")

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• काञ्चनभूषणैः (kāñcanabhūṣaṇaiḥ) - with gold-ornamented arrows (with golden ornaments, adorned with gold)

• वानराणाम् (vānarāṇām) - among the armies of the Vānaras (of the Vānaras, of the monkeys)

• अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - among the Vānara armies (in the armies, among the troops)

• चकार (cakāra) - caused great slaughter (did, made, caused, performed)

• कदनम् (kadanam) - great destruction (slaughter, destruction, massacre)

• महत् (mahat) - great destruction (great, immense, vast)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Then (indicating sequence of events) (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas

Note: Adverb of sequence.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - the enraged Daśagrīva (enraged, angry, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

From √krudh (4P/Ā).

Root: krudh (class 4)

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa, lit. "ten-necked")

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - ten-necked, Daśagrīva (an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

Bahuvrīhi compound: daśa (ten) + grīva (neck)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'cakāra'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ (class 9)

काञ्चनभूषणैः (kāñcanabhūṣaṇaiḥ) - with gold-ornamented arrows (with golden ornaments, adorned with gold)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kāñcanabhūṣaṇa

kāñcanabhūṣaṇa - adorned with gold, having gold ornaments

Tatpurusha compound: kāñcana (gold) + bhūṣaṇa (ornament/adornment)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāñcana+bhūṣaṇa)

• kāñcana – golden, made of gold, gold
  adjective (neuter)
• bhūṣaṇa – ornament, adornment, decoration
  noun (neuter)
  From √bhūṣ (to adorn)
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

वानराणाम् (vānarāṇām) - among the armies of the Vānaras (of the Vānaras, of the monkeys)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, Vānara (a class of mythical forest-dwellers)

अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - among the Vānara armies (in the armies, among the troops)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, troop, host, front of an army

Note: Indicates location of action.

चकार (cakāra) - caused great slaughter (did, made, caused, performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √kṛ

Perfect tense

From √kṛ (8U). Perfect 3rd singular.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कदनम् (kadanam) - great destruction (slaughter, destruction, massacre)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kadana

kadana - slaughter, destruction, massacre

From √kad (to kill, to suffer).

Root: kad (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great destruction (great, immense, vast)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, immense, important