वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-83, verse-28

रावणेनाभ्यनुज्ञातौ महापार्श्वमहोदरौ ।
विरूपाक्षश्च दुर्धर्षो रथानारुरुहुस्तदा ॥२८॥

28. rāvaṇenābhyanujñātau mahāpārśvamahodarau ,
virūpākṣaśca durdharṣo rathānāruruhustadā.

28. rāvaṇena abhyanujñātau mahāpārśvamahodarau
virūpākṣaḥ ca durdharṣaḥ rathān āruruhuḥ tadā

28. Then, Mahāpārśva and Mahodara, having been permitted by Rāvaṇa, along with the formidable Virūpākṣa, ascended their chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• रावणेन (rāvaṇena) - by Rāvaṇa

• अभ्यनुज्ञातौ (abhyanujñātau) - having been permitted, having been ordered

• महापार्श्वमहोदरौ (mahāpārśvamahodarau) - Mahāpārśva and Mahodara

• विरूपाक्षः (virūpākṣaḥ) - Virūpākṣa

• च (ca) - and

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - formidable, unassailable, irresistible

• रथान् (rathān) - chariots

• आरुरुहुः (āruruhuḥ) - they ascended, they mounted

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

रावणेन (rāvaṇena) - by Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name, king of Lankā)

अभ्यनुज्ञातौ (abhyanujñātau) - having been permitted, having been ordered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, allowed, granted, consented to

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jñā (to know) with prefixes abhi- and anu-.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with Mahāpārśva and Mahodara.

महापार्श्वमहोदरौ (mahāpārśvamahodarau) - Mahāpārśva and Mahodara

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāpārśvamahodara

mahāpārśvamahodara - Mahāpārśva and Mahodara (names of Rākṣasas)

Compound type : dvandva (mahāpārśva+mahāodara)

• mahāpārśva – Mahāpārśva (proper name, lit. 'having great sides')
  proper noun (masculine)
• mahāodara – Mahodara (proper name, lit. 'having a great belly')
  proper noun (masculine)

विरूपाक्षः (virūpākṣaḥ) - Virūpākṣa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virūpākṣa

virūpākṣa - Virūpākṣa (proper name, lit. 'having deformed eyes' or 'extraordinary eyes')

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - formidable, unassailable, irresistible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to be overcome or assaulted, irresistible, formidable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root dhṛṣ (to dare, be bold) with prefix dur- (difficult).

Prefix: dur

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with Virūpākṣaḥ.

रथान् (rathān) - chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

आरुरुहुः (āruruhuḥ) - they ascended, they mounted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (lit) of ruh

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)