वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-83, verse-38

तेषां तु रथघोषेण राक्षसानां महात्मनाम् ।
वानराणामपि चमूर्युद्धायैवाभ्यवर्तत ॥३८॥

38. teṣāṃ tu rathaghoṣeṇa rākṣasānāṃ mahātmanām ,
vānarāṇāmapi camūryuddhāyaivābhyavartata.

38. teṣām tu rathaghoṣeṇa rākṣasānām mahātmanām
vānarāṇām api camūḥ yuddhāya eva abhyavartata

38. tu teṣām mahātmanām rākṣasānām rathaghoṣeṇa
vānarāṇām api camūḥ yuddhāya eva abhyavartata

38. Upon the roar of the chariots of those mighty Rākṣasas, even the army of the Vānaras advanced for battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those Rākṣasas (of them, their)

• तु (tu) - Emphasizing the transition to the Vānara army's action. (but, and, indeed)

• रथघोषेण (rathaghoṣeṇa) - by the roar generated by the Rākṣasas' chariots (by the roar of chariots)

• राक्षसानाम् (rākṣasānām) - of those mighty Rākṣasas (of the Rākṣasas, of the demons)

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of those mighty Rākṣasas (of the great-souled, of the mighty)

• वानराणाम् (vānarāṇām) - the army of the Vānaras (of the Vānaras, of the monkeys)

• अपि (api) - even the Vānara army (also, even)

• चमूः (camūḥ) - the army of the Vānaras (army, host)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - advanced for battle (for battle, for fighting)

• एव (eva) - for battle, indeed (indeed, only, certainly)

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - the army advanced (advanced, proceeded, turned towards)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those Rākṣasas (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to Rākṣasas.

तु (tu) - Emphasizing the transition to the Vānara army's action. (but, and, indeed)

(indeclinable)

रथघोषेण (rathaghoṣeṇa) - by the roar generated by the Rākṣasas' chariots (by the roar of chariots)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathaghoṣa

rathaghoṣa - roar of chariots, sound of chariots

Compound: ratha + ghoṣa

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+ghoṣa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• ghoṣa – sound, roar, noise
  noun (masculine)
  From √ghuṣ (to sound)
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

राक्षसानाम् (rākṣasānām) - of those mighty Rākṣasas (of the Rākṣasas, of the demons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, Rākṣasa (a class of mythical beings)

Note: Possessive with 'teṣām' and 'mahātmanām'.

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of those mighty Rākṣasas (of the great-souled, of the mighty)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, mighty, exalted

Compound: mahā + ātman

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

वानराणाम् (vānarāṇām) - the army of the Vānaras (of the Vānaras, of the monkeys)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, Vānara (a class of mythical forest-dwellers)

Note: Possessive with 'camūḥ'.

अपि (api) - even the Vānara army (also, even)

(indeclinable)

चमूः (camūḥ) - the army of the Vānaras (army, host)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of camū

camū - army, host, troop

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - advanced for battle (for battle, for fighting)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From √yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates purpose.

एव (eva) - for battle, indeed (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - the army advanced (advanced, proceeded, turned towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of √vṛt

Imperfect tense

From abhi-ava-√vṛt (1A). Imperfect 3rd singular Middle voice.

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)