वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-83, verse-2

स तु दीर्घं विनिश्वस्य मुहूर्तं ध्यानमास्थितः ।
बभूव परमक्रुद्धो रावणो भीमदर्शनः ॥२॥

2. sa tu dīrghaṃ viniśvasya muhūrtaṃ dhyānamāsthitaḥ ,
babhūva paramakruddho rāvaṇo bhīmadarśanaḥ.

2. saḥ tu dīrgham viniśvasya muhūrtam dhyānam āsthitaḥ
babhūva paramakruddhaḥ rāvaṇaḥ bhīmadarśanaḥ

2. saḥ tu dīrgham viniśvasya muhūrtam dhyānam āsthitaḥ
bhīmadarśanaḥ rāvaṇaḥ paramakruddhaḥ babhūva

2. Having sighed deeply and remained in deep thought (dhyāna) for a moment, Rāvaṇa, dreadful in appearance, became exceedingly angry.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - deeply, long

• विनिश्वस्य (viniśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for a short time

• ध्यानम् (dhyānam) - meditation, contemplation, deep thought

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - having remained, having settled, resorted to

• बभूव (babhūva) - he became

• परमक्रुद्धः (paramakruddhaḥ) - exceedingly angry, very wrathful

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• भीमदर्शनः (bhīmadarśanaḥ) - of dreadful appearance, terrible to behold

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - deeply, long

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, deep, protracted

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying `viniśvasya`.

विनिश्वस्य (viniśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from `vi-ni-√śvas` (to sigh) + `lyap` suffix (used after upasargas).

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: śvas (class 2)

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for a short time

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a short time, a particular division of time

Note: Used adverbially.

ध्यानम् (dhyānam) - meditation, contemplation, deep thought

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhyāna

dhyāna - meditation, contemplation, deep thought, religious meditation

From √dhyai (to meditate) + ana suffix.

Root: dhyai (class 1)

Note: Object of the implied action of 'resorting to'.

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - having remained, having settled, resorted to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - stood upon, resorted to, fixed in, engaged in, being in a state of

Past Passive Participle

From `ā-√sthā` (to stand, stay, resort to) + kta suffix. Here implying "having adopted" or "being in (a state of)".

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective modifying `saḥ`.

बभूव (babhūva) - he became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect tense (Liṭ lakāra)

Reduplicated perfect form of √bhū, 3rd person singular active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

परमक्रुद्धः (paramakruddhaḥ) - exceedingly angry, very wrathful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramakruddha

paramakruddha - exceedingly angry, supremely wrathful

Compound of `parama` (supreme, highest) and `kruddha` (angry).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+kruddha)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate
  adjective
• kruddha – angry, enraged, wrathful
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From `√krudh` (to be angry) + kta suffix.
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective for `rāvaṇaḥ`.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa, the demon king of Laṅkā

Note: Subject of `babhūva`.

भीमदर्शनः (bhīmadarśanaḥ) - of dreadful appearance, terrible to behold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmadarśana

bhīmadarśana - of dreadful appearance, terrible to look at, fearful aspect

Compound of `bhīma` (terrible, dreadful) and `darśana` (sight, appearance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+darśana)

• bhīma – terrible, dreadful, fearful
  adjective
  From `√bhī` (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• darśana – sight, vision, appearance, perception
  noun (neuter)
  From `√dṛś` (to see) + `ana` suffix.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Attributive adjective for `rāvaṇaḥ`.