वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-60, verse-8

स एवमुक्त्वा त्रिदशेन्द्रशत्रुरापृच्छ्य राजानमदीनसत्त्वः ।
समारुरोहानिलतुल्यवेगं रथं खरश्रेष्ठसमाधियुक्तम् ॥८॥

8. sa evamuktvā tridaśendraśatrurāpṛcchya rājānamadīnasattvaḥ ,
samārurohānilatulyavegaṃ rathaṃ kharaśreṣṭhasamādhiyuktam.

8. saḥ evam uktvā tridaśendraśatruḥ
āpṛcchya rājānam adīnasattvaḥ
samārūroha anilatulyavegam
ratham kharaśreṣṭhasamādhiyuktam

8. Having spoken thus, he, Indrajit (tridaśendraśatru), whose spirit was undiminished, took leave of the king and ascended his chariot, which was swift as the wind and properly yoked with excellent mules.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He, referring to Indrajit (He)

• एवम् (evam) - Thus, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - Having spoken, having said

• त्रिदशेन्द्रशत्रुः (tridaśendraśatruḥ) - Indrajit, the son of Ravana (The enemy of the lord of the gods (Indra), Indrajit)

• आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - Having taken leave, having bid farewell

• राजानम् (rājānam) - King Rāvaṇa (The king)

• अदीनसत्त्वः (adīnasattvaḥ) - Indrajit, having unfailing courage (Whose spirit/courage is undiminished, with unfailing spirit)

• समारूरोह (samārūroha) - He ascended, he mounted

• अनिलतुल्यवेगम् (anilatulyavegam) - Whose speed is equal to wind, swift as wind

• रथम् (ratham) - Chariot

• खरश्रेष्ठसमाधियुक्तम् (kharaśreṣṭhasamādhiyuktam) - Endowed with/yoked with the best mules

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He, referring to Indrajit (He)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

एवम् (evam) - Thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative adverb.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - Having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root vac (to speak, say), which forms past passive participle as ukta, and absolutives with -tvā suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

त्रिदशेन्द्रशत्रुः (tridaśendraśatruḥ) - Indrajit, the son of Ravana (The enemy of the lord of the gods (Indra), Indrajit)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tridaśendraśatru

tridaśendraśatru - enemy of the lord of the gods (Indra), Indrajit

Tatpuruṣa compound: tridaśa (god) + indra (lord) + śatru (enemy). Literally 'enemy of the lord of the thirty (gods)'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tridaśa+indra+śatru)

• tridaśa – god, deity (lit. 'thirty', referring to the 33 Vedic deities)
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (king of gods), lord
  proper noun (masculine)
• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - Having taken leave, having bid farewell

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root prach (to ask) with upasarga ā- (or pṛc 'to contact'). Forms absolutive with -ya suffix (when prefixed).

Prefix: ā

Root: prach (class 6)

राजानम् (rājānam) - King Rāvaṇa (The king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

अदीनसत्त्वः (adīnasattvaḥ) - Indrajit, having unfailing courage (Whose spirit/courage is undiminished, with unfailing spirit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adīnasattva

adīnasattva - one whose spirit/courage is undiminished; with unfailing spirit, resolute

Bahuvrīhi compound: a- (not) + dīna (depressed, weak) + sattva (spirit, courage). Dīna from root dai (to fade, decay).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dīna+sattva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dīna – depressed, weak, miserable, low
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dai (to fade, decay, be miserable).
  Root: dai (class 1)
• sattva – essence, spirit, courage, strength, being
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

समारूरोह (samārūroha) - He ascended, he mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of samārūroh

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root ruh (to grow, ascend) with upasargas sam- and ā-. Perfect reduplication.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

अनिलतुल्यवेगम् (anilatulyavegam) - Whose speed is equal to wind, swift as wind

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anilatulyavega

anilatulyavega - whose speed (vega) is equal (tulya) to wind (anila)

Bahuvrīhi compound: anila (wind) + tulya (equal) + vega (speed).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (anila+tulya+vega)

• anila – wind, air, wind god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• tulya – equal, similar, comparable
  adjective
• vega – speed, velocity, force
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 6)

रथम् (ratham) - Chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root ram (to enjoy), or rath (to go).

Root: rath (class 1)

Note: Object of 'samārūroha'.

खरश्रेष्ठसमाधियुक्तम् (kharaśreṣṭhasamādhiyuktam) - Endowed with/yoked with the best mules

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kharaśreṣṭhasamādhiyukta

kharaśreṣṭhasamādhiyukta - yoked with the best mules/donkeys, properly harnessed with excellent beasts

Bahuvrīhi compound: khara (mule/donkey) + śreṣṭha (best) + samādhi (collection, proper arrangement) + yukta (joined, yoked). 'One whose best mules are properly harnessed'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (khara+śreṣṭha+samādhi+yukta)

• khara – donkey, mule
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent).
• samādhi – arrangement, conjunction, proper attention, concentration (yogic)
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhā (to place) with upasargas sam- and ā-.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• yukta – joined, yoked, equipped with, endowed with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj (to join, yoke).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

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