वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-60, verse-16

स तु दृष्ट्वा विनिर्यान्तं बलेन महता वृतम् ।
राक्षसाधिपतिः श्रीमान् रावणः पुत्रमब्रवीत् ॥१६॥

16. sa tu dṛṣṭvā viniryāntaṃ balena mahatā vṛtam ,
rākṣasādhipatiḥ śrīmān rāvaṇaḥ putramabravīt.

16. sa tu dṛṣṭvā viniryāntam balena mahatā vṛtam
rākṣasādhipatiḥ śrīmān rāvaṇaḥ putram abravīt

16. tu sa rākṣasādhipatiḥ śrīmān rāvaṇaḥ,
mahatā balena vṛtam viniryāntam putram dṛṣṭvā,
abravīt.

16. But that glorious Rāvaṇa, the lord of the Rākṣasas, upon seeing his son going forth, surrounded by a large force, spoke.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Refers to Rāvaṇa. (he, that)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• विनिर्यान्तम् (viniryāntam) - his son (Indrajit) going forth (going out, departing, issuing forth)

• बलेन (balena) - by a military force/army (by strength, by an army, by force)

• महता (mahatā) - by a great (force/army) (by great, by large)

• वृतम् (vṛtam) - his son (Indrajit) surrounded (surrounded, covered, enveloped)

• राक्षसाधिपतिः (rākṣasādhipatiḥ) - lord of Rākṣasas, chief of demons

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, prosperous, splendid, fortunate

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (proper name)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - to his son (Indrajit) (son)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said, told

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Refers to Rāvaṇa. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for emphasis or transition.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed from √dṛś (to see) with the suffix -ktvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'abravīt'.

विनिर्यान्तम् (viniryāntam) - his son (Indrajit) going forth (going out, departing, issuing forth)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viniryānt

viniryānt - going forth, departing

Present Active Participle

Derived from 'vi-' + 'ni-' + √yā (to go) with the śatṛ suffix.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: yā (class 2)

बलेन (balena) - by a military force/army (by strength, by an army, by force)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

Note: Agent of being 'surrounded'.

महता (mahatā) - by a great (force/army) (by great, by large)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, noble

Note: Agrees with 'balena'.

वृतम् (vṛtam) - his son (Indrajit) surrounded (surrounded, covered, enveloped)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vṛ (to cover, surround) with kta suffix.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

राक्षसाधिपतिः (rākṣasādhipatiḥ) - lord of Rākṣasas, chief of demons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasādhipati

rākṣasādhipati - lord of Rākṣasas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+adhipati)

• rākṣasa – Rākṣasa (a type of demon)
  noun (masculine)
• adhipati – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, prosperous, splendid, fortunate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - possessed of glory/beauty/wealth, glorious

Possessive suffix -mat added to 'śrī' (glory, prosperity).

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the king of Lanka)

Note: Main subject of the sentence.

पुत्रम् (putram) - to his son (Indrajit) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā' (seen) and indirect object of 'abravīt' (spoke to).

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said, told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada. The 'a-' is the augment for past tense.

Root: brū (class 2)

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