वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-60, verse-12

स शङ्खनिनदैर्भीमैर्भेरीणां च महास्वनैः ।
जगाम त्रिदशेन्द्रारिः स्तूयमानो निशाचरैः ॥१२॥

12. sa śaṅkhaninadairbhīmairbherīṇāṃ ca mahāsvanaiḥ ,
jagāma tridaśendrāriḥ stūyamāno niśācaraiḥ.

12. sa śaṅkhaninadaiḥ bhīmaiḥ bherīṇām ca mahāsvanaiḥ
jagāma tridaśendrāriḥ stūyamānaḥ niśācaraiḥ

12. sa tridaśendrāriḥ niśācaraiḥ stūyamānaḥ bhīmaiḥ
śaṅkhaninadaiḥ ca bherīṇām mahāsvanaiḥ jagāma

12. He, the enemy of the king of the gods, went forth, praised by the night-wanderers, amidst terrifying conch shell blasts and the mighty sounds of war drums.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (the enemy of Indra) (he, that one)

• शङ्खनिनदैः (śaṅkhaninadaiḥ) - with the sounds of conch shells (with conch shell sounds/blasts)

• भीमैः (bhīmaiḥ) - by formidable (sounds) (formidable, terrifying, dreadful)

• भेरीणाम् (bherīṇām) - of (war) drums (of drums)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महास्वनैः (mahāsvanaiḥ) - with great sounds (of drums) (with great sounds/roars)

• जगाम (jagāma) - (he) went (went, proceeded)

• त्रिदशेन्द्रारिः (tridaśendrāriḥ) - the enemy of Indra (subject of jagāma) (enemy of the king of gods (Indra))

• स्तूयमानः (stūyamānaḥ) - (he was) being praised (being praised, being eulogized)

• निशाचरैः (niśācaraiḥ) - by the night-wanderers (demons) (by night-wanderers, by demons/rākṣasas)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (the enemy of Indra) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Pronominal stem, nominative singular masculine form.

Note: Subject of jagāma.

शङ्खनिनदैः (śaṅkhaninadaiḥ) - with the sounds of conch shells (with conch shell sounds/blasts)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śaṅkhaninada

śaṅkhaninada - sound of a conch shell

Compound: śaṅkha (conch) + ninada (sound, roar).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaṅkha+ninada)

• śaṅkha – conch shell
  noun (masculine)
• ninada – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  From root nad (to sound) with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Indicates the accompaniment.

भीमैः (bhīmaiḥ) - by formidable (sounds) (formidable, terrifying, dreadful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhīma

bhīma - formidable, terrifying, dreadful

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with śaṅkhaninadaiḥ.

भेरीणाम् (bherīṇām) - of (war) drums (of drums)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of bherī

bherī - drum, kettle-drum

Note: Qualifies mahāsvanaiḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects śaṅkhaninadaiḥ and mahāsvanaiḥ.

महास्वनैः (mahāsvanaiḥ) - with great sounds (of drums) (with great sounds/roars)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāsvana

mahāsvana - great sound, loud roar

Compound: mahā (great) + svana (sound).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From root svan (to sound)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Indicates the accompaniment.

जगाम (jagāma) - (he) went (went, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect active

Reduplicated perfect tense form of gam.

Root: gam (class 1)

त्रिदशेन्द्रारिः (tridaśendrāriḥ) - the enemy of Indra (subject of jagāma) (enemy of the king of gods (Indra))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tridaśendrāri

tridaśendrāri - enemy of the king of gods

Compound: tridaśa (god) + indra (chief, king) + ari (enemy). So, tridaśendra (king of gods, i.e., Indra) + ari (enemy).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tridaśa+indra+ari)

• tridaśa – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra, chief, king
  proper noun (masculine)
• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of jagāma.

स्तूयमानः (stūyamānaḥ) - (he was) being praised (being praised, being eulogized)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stūyamāna

stūyamāna - being praised, being eulogized

Present Passive Participle

From root stu (to praise) in passive voice, śānac suffix.

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Agrees with tridaśendrāriḥ.

निशाचरैः (niśācaraiḥ) - by the night-wanderers (demons) (by night-wanderers, by demons/rākṣasas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa

Compound: niśā (night) + cara (wanderer, mover).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering, going
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root car (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Indicates the agents of praise in the passive construction.

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