वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-36, verse-8

अन्तरिक्षं निरीक्षन्तो दिशः सर्वाश्च वानराः ।
न चैनं मायया छन्नं ददृशू रावणिं रणे ॥८॥

8. antarikṣaṃ nirīkṣanto diśaḥ sarvāśca vānarāḥ ,
na cainaṃ māyayā channaṃ dadṛśū rāvaṇiṃ raṇe.

8. antarikṣam nirīkṣantaḥ diśaḥ sarvāḥ ca vānarāḥ
na ca enam māyayā channam dadṛśuḥ rāvaṇim raṇe

8. vānarāḥ antarikṣam sarvāḥ diśaḥ ca nirīkṣantaḥ
na ca enam māyayā channam rāvaṇim raṇe dadṛśuḥ

8. And the monkeys, looking at the sky and all directions, did not see Ravani (Indrajit), who was concealed by illusion (māyā), on the battlefield.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्तरिक्षम् (antarikṣam) - the sky, atmosphere, space

• निरीक्षन्तः (nirīkṣantaḥ) - looking, observing

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - cardinal directions (directions)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all

• च (ca) - and

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - Rama's monkey army (monkeys)

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - Ravani (Indrajit) (him)

• मायया (māyayā) - by illusion (māyā)

• छन्नम् (channam) - hidden, covered

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

• रावणिम् (rāvaṇim) - Indrajit (son of Ravana) (Ravani)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

Words meanings and morphology

अन्तरिक्षम् (antarikṣam) - the sky, atmosphere, space

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of antarikṣa

antarikṣa - sky, atmosphere, intermediate space

Note: Object of 'nirīkṣantaḥ'.

निरीक्षन्तः (nirīkṣantaḥ) - looking, observing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirīkṣat

nirīkṣat - looking at, observing, perceiving

Present Active Participle

From verb root īkṣ (to see) with prefix nir.

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vānarāḥ'.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - cardinal directions (directions)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

From root diś (to point out).

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'nirīkṣantaḥ'.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'diśaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - Rama's monkey army (monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey

Note: Subject of 'dadṛśuḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एनम् (enam) - Ravani (Indrajit) (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that, him, her, it (proximate demonstrative)

Demonstrative pronoun used in anaphoric reference.

Note: Object of 'dadṛśuḥ'.

मायया (māyayā) - by illusion (māyā)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of māyā

māyā - illusion, magic, supernatural power, trickery

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Indicates the means of concealment.

छन्नम् (channam) - hidden, covered

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of channa

channa - covered, concealed, hidden

Past Passive Participle

From root chad (to cover).

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'enam' (Ravani).

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Reduplicated perfect form.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रावणिम् (rāvaṇim) - Indrajit (son of Ravana) (Ravani)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇi

rāvaṇi - son of Ravana (i.e., Indrajit)

Patronymic from Ravana.

Note: Object of 'dadṛśuḥ'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

From root raṇ (to delight, to sound, to fight).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Location of the action.