वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-36, verse-22

निष्पन्दौ तु तदा दृष्ट्वा ताव् उभौ रामलक्ष्मणौ ।
वसुधायां निरुच्छ्वासौ हतावित्यन्वमन्यत ॥२२॥

22. niṣpandau tu tadā dṛṣṭvā tāv ubhau rāmalakṣmaṇau ,
vasudhāyāṃ nirucchvāsau hatāvityanvamanyata.

22. niṣpandau tu tadā dṛṣṭvā tau ubhau rāmalakṣmaṇau
vasudhāyām nirucchvāsau hatau iti anvamanyata

22. tu tadā dṛṣṭvā ubhau rāmalakṣmaṇau niṣpandau nirucchvāsau vasudhāyām,
tau hatau iti anvamanyata

22. And then, seeing both Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa lying motionless and breathless on the ground, he concluded that they were dead.

Words meanings summery:

• निष्पन्दौ (niṣpandau) - motionless (motionless, inanimate)

• तु (tu) - and then (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (having seen, after seeing)

• तौ (tau) - those two (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (those two, them (dual))

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (both)

• रामलक्ष्मणौ (rāmalakṣmaṇau) - Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa

• वसुधायाम् (vasudhāyām) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

• निरुच्छ्वासौ (nirucchvāsau) - breathless (breathless, without breath)

• हतौ (hatau) - dead (killed, slain (dual))

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the conclusion) (thus, so (marks direct speech or thought))

• अन्वमन्यत (anvamanyata) - he concluded (he concluded, he thought, he agreed)

Words meanings and morphology

निष्पन्दौ (niṣpandau) - motionless (motionless, inanimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of niṣpanda

niṣpanda - motionless, still, inanimate

From 'nis' + 'spand' (to tremble, vibrate). 'nis' indicates absence.

Prefix: nis

Root: spand (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmalakṣmaṇau'.

तु (tu) - and then (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from pronominal stem 'tad'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तौ (tau) - those two (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (those two, them (dual))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

उभौ (ubhau) - both (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (both)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Always occurs in the dual.

Note: Emphasizes 'rāmalakṣmaṇau'.

रामलक्ष्मणौ (rāmalakṣmaṇau) - Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of rāmalakṣmaṇa

rāmalakṣmaṇa - Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa (the two brothers)

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (rāma+lakṣmaṇa)

• rāma – Rāma
  proper noun (masculine)
• lakṣmaṇa – Lakṣmaṇa
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

वसुधायाम् (vasudhāyām) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of vasudhā

vasudhā - earth, ground, soil

Literally "bearer of wealth".

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Indicates location.

निरुच्छ्वासौ (nirucchvāsau) - breathless (breathless, without breath)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of nirucchvāsa

nirucchvāsa - breathless, suffocated, without exhalation

From 'nis' + 'ucchvāsa' (breathing, exhalation). 'nis' means without.

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmalakṣmaṇau'.

हतौ (hatau) - dead (killed, slain (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative for the implied subject of 'anvamanyata' (that they were killed).

इति (iti) - thus (marking the conclusion) (thus, so (marks direct speech or thought))

(indeclinable)

अन्वमन्यत (anvamanyata) - he concluded (he concluded, he thought, he agreed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of anuman

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

Note: The subject (Indrajit) is implied.