वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-22, verse-22

अथ सुप्तस्य रामस्य प्रहस्तेन प्रमाथिना ।
असक्तं कृतहस्तेन शिरश्छिन्नं महासिना ॥२२॥

22. atha suptasya rāmasya prahastena pramāthinā ,
asaktaṃ kṛtahastena śiraśchinnaṃ mahāsinā.

22. atha suptasya rāmasya prahastena pramāthinā
asaktam kṛtahastena śiraḥ chinnam mahāsinā

22. atha pramāthinā kṛtahastena prahastena mahāsinā
suptasya rāmasya śiraḥ asaktam chinnam

22. Then, the destroyer Prahasta, with his skilled hand, unerringly cut off the head of the sleeping (Rāma) with a great sword.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• सुप्तस्य (suptasya) - of the sleeping one

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of (Rāma)

• प्रहस्तेन (prahastena) - by Prahasta

• प्रमाथिना (pramāthinā) - by the destroyer, by the crusher

• असक्तम् (asaktam) - without hesitation, unerringly, skillfully, swiftly

• कृतहस्तेन (kṛtahastena) - by the one with a skilled hand, by the expert

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• छिन्नम् (chinnam) - was cut, severed

• महासिना (mahāsinā) - by a great sword

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

सुप्तस्य (suptasya) - of the sleeping one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of supta

supta - slept, sleeping, asleep

Past Passive Participle

formed from root svap

Root: svap (class 2)

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - (Rāma), a proper name

प्रहस्तेन (prahastena) - by Prahasta

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prahasta

prahasta - Prahasta (a Rākṣasa commander)

प्रमाथिना (pramāthinā) - by the destroyer, by the crusher

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pramāthin

pramāthin - destroyer, tormentor, crusher

derived from root math with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'prahastena'.

असक्तम् (asaktam) - without hesitation, unerringly, skillfully, swiftly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asakta

asakta - unattached, not clinging, unhesitating, swift, unerring

Past Passive Participle (negative)

from root sañj with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• sakta – attached, clinging, entangled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root sañj
  Root: sañj (class 7)

Note: Used adverbially to describe the manner of cutting.

कृतहस्तेन (kṛtahastena) - by the one with a skilled hand, by the expert

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛtahasta

kṛtahasta - having a practiced hand, skilled, expert

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+hasta)

• kṛta – done, made
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'prahastena'.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

Note: Subject of the passive participle 'chinnam'.

छिन्नम् (chinnam) - was cut, severed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of chinna

chinna - cut, severed, broken

Past Passive Participle

formed from root chid

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Predicate, agreeing with 'śiraḥ'.

महासिना (mahāsinā) - by a great sword

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahāsi

mahāsi - great sword

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+asi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• asi – sword
  noun (masculine)