वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-22, verse-12

उपसृत्य ततः सीतां प्रहर्षन्नाम कीर्तयन् ।
इदं च वचनं धृष्टमुवाच जनकात्मजाम् ॥१२॥

12. upasṛtya tataḥ sītāṃ praharṣannāma kīrtayan ,
idaṃ ca vacanaṃ dhṛṣṭamuvāca janakātmajām.

12. upasṛtya tataḥ sītām praharṣan nāma kīrtayan
idam ca vacanam dhṛṣṭam uvāca janakātmajām

12. tataḥ sītām upasṛtya nāma kīrtayan praharṣan
ca idam dhṛṣṭam vacanam janakātmajām uvāca

12. Then, approaching Sītā, (Rāvaṇa), rejoicing and proclaiming his name/power, spoke these bold words to Janaka's daughter.

Words meanings summery:

• उपसृत्य (upasṛtya) - approaching (having approached, drawing near)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• सीताम् (sītām) - Sītā

• प्रहर्षन् (praharṣan) - rejoicing (at his own intention) (rejoicing, delighting)

• नाम (nāma) - (his own) name/power (name)

• कीर्तयन् (kīrtayan) - proclaiming (his own) name/power (reciting, proclaiming, mentioning)

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech)

• धृष्टम् (dhṛṣṭam) - bold, impudent (bold, impudent, insolent)

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Rāvaṇa) spoke (he said, he spoke)

• जनकात्मजाम् (janakātmajām) - Sītā, daughter of Janaka (Janaka's daughter)

Words meanings and morphology

उपसृत्य (upasṛtya) - approaching (having approached, drawing near)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root sṛ- (to go) with prefix upa-; absolutives end in -tya after prefixes.

Prefix: upa

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Describes the action of the implied subject (Rāvaṇa).

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

सीताम् (sītām) - Sītā

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (proper name), furrow

Note: Object of 'upasṛtya' and 'uvāca' (indirect object).

प्रहर्षन् (praharṣan) - rejoicing (at his own intention) (rejoicing, delighting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praharṣat

praharṣat - rejoicing, gladdening, exulting

Present Active Participle

From root hṛṣ- (to be delighted) with prefix pra-; present active participle, masculine singular nominative.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes the implied subject (Rāvaṇa).

नाम (nāma) - (his own) name/power (name)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, renown

Note: Object of 'kīrtayan'.

कीर्तयन् (kīrtayan) - proclaiming (his own) name/power (reciting, proclaiming, mentioning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kīrtayat

kīrtayat - reciting, praising, proclaiming, mentioning

Present Active Participle

From root kīrt- (to mention, praise, proclaim), present active participle, masculine singular nominative.

Root: kṛt (class 10)

Note: Describes the implied subject (Rāvaṇa).

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the participle phrases with the main verb.

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying, command

From root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

धृष्टम् (dhṛṣṭam) - bold, impudent (bold, impudent, insolent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhṛṣṭa

dhṛṣṭa - bold, impudent, audacious, confident

Past Passive Participle

From root dhṛṣ- (to be bold, dare)

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Describes 'vacanam'.

उवाच (uvāca) - (Rāvaṇa) spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root vac- (to speak), 3rd person singular perfect active, irregular form.

Root: vac (class 2)

जनकात्मजाम् (janakātmajām) - Sītā, daughter of Janaka (Janaka's daughter)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of janakātmajā

janakātmajā - daughter of Janaka

Compound of janaka (Janaka, Sītā's father) + ātmajā (daughter)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (janaka+ātmajā)

• janaka – Janaka (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmajā – daughter
  noun (feminine)
  From ātman (self) + jan (to be born), literally 'self-born'
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Indirect object of 'uvāca'.